Chiral tunneling and the Klein paradox in graphene
arXiv:cond-mat/0604323 · doi:10.1038/nphys384
Abstract
The so-called Klein paradox - unimpeded penetration of relativistic particles through high and wide potential barriers - is one of the most exotic and counterintuitive consequences of quantum electrodynamics (QED). The phenomenon is discussed in many contexts in particle, nuclear and astro- physics but direct tests of the Klein paradox using elementary particles have so far proved impossible. Here we show that the effect can be tested in a conceptually simple condensed-matter experiment by using electrostatic barriers in single- and bi-layer graphene. Due to the chiral nature of their quasiparticles, quantum tunneling in these materials becomes highly anisotropic, qualitatively different from the case of normal, nonrelativistic electrons. Massless Dirac fermions in graphene allow a close realization of Klein's gedanken experiment whereas massive chiral fermions in bilayer graphene offer an interesting complementary system that elucidates the basic physics involved.
15 pages, 4 figures
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Cited by in corpus (660)
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- Dirac imprints on the -factor anisotropy in graphene
- Density of States Analysis of Electrostatic Confinement in Gapped Graphene
- Tunneling Effect in Gapped Phosphorene through Double Barriers
- One-dimensional flat bands and Dirac cones in narrow zigzag dice lattice ribbons
- Electronic Properties of Quantum Dots in Magnetic Fields
- Resonant tunneling through double-barrier structures on graphene
- Chirality-2 fermion induced anti-Klein tunneling in 2D checkerboard lattice
- Phase tuning of multiple Andreev reflections of Dirac fermions and the Josephson supercurrent in Al-MoTe2-Al junctions
- Critical behavior for point monopole and dipole electric impurities in uniformily and uniaxially strained graphene
- Kohn-Luttinger superconductivity in monolayer and bilayer semimetals with the Dirac spectrum
- Generating extreme quantum scattering in graphene with machine learning
- Propagation of Dirac waves through various temporal interfaces, slabs, and crystals
- Lieb lattices and pseudospin-1 dynamics under barrier- and well-like electrostatic interactions
- Gap-tunable of Tunneling Time in Graphene Magnetic Barrier
- Edge state in AB-stacked bilayer graphene and its correspondence with SSH ladder
- Graphene flakes with defective edge terminations: Universal and topological aspects, and one-dimensional quantum behavior
- Keldysh functional renormalization group for electronic properties of graphene
- Dirac fermions in armchair graphene nanoribbons trapped by electric quantum dots
- Quantum corrections to transport in graphene: a trajectory-based semiclassical analysis
- Andreev and normal reflections in gapped bilayer graphene-superconductor junctions
- Angular momentum anisotropy of Dirac carriers: A new twist in graphene
- Electrical and thermal transport through NIS junction
- The Impact of Lorentz Violation on the Klein Tunneling Effect
- Graphene Dirac fermions in symmetric electric and magnetic fields: the case of an electric square well
- Darboux partners of Heun-class potentials for the two-dimensional massless Dirac equation
- Designing Band Structures by Patterned Dielectric Superlattices
- Coherent states in the symmetric gauge for graphene under a constant perpendicular magnetic field
- Quasi-free-standing AA-stacked bilayer graphene induced by calcium intercalation of the graphene-silicon carbide interface
- Tunneling in an anisotropic cubic Dirac semi-metal
- Manipulating electron waves in graphene using carbon nanotube gating
- Quasiclassical nonlinear plasmon resonance in graphene
- Waveguiding valley excitons in monolayer transition metal dicalcogenides by dielectric interfaces in the substrate
- Transport properties in gapped graphene through magnetic barrier in a laser field
- Interplay of relativistic and nonrelativistic transport in atomically precise segmented graphene nanoribbons
- Weyl fermions in cylindrical wires
- Absence of edge states at armchair edges in inhomogeneously strained graphene under a pseudomagnetic field
- Chiral tunneling in single layer graphene with Rashba spin-orbit coupling: spin currents
- Klein Bound States in Single-Layer Graphene
- Frequency splitting of intervalley phonons in graphene
- Transmission in strained graphene subjected to laser and magnetic fields
- Theory of spin qubits in nanostructures
- Andreev spectroscopy of nonhelical spin textures in topological insulators
- Extended transfer matrix method for electron transmission in anisotropic 2D materials: Interplay of strain and (a)periodicity of potentials
- Plunging in the Dirac sea using graphene quantum dots
- Electron-optics using negative refraction in two-dimensional inverted-band junctions
- Magnetic field effect on tunneling through triple barrier in AB bilayer graphene
- Zitterbewegung and symmetry switching in Klein's four-group
- Landau levels and snake states of pseudo-spin-1 Dirac-like electrons in gapped Lieb lattices
- Switchable valley functionalities of an junction in 2D semiconductors
- Group Theory analysis of phonons in two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
- Quantum transmission conditions for diffusive transport in graphene with steep potentials
- Establishing Analogies between the Physics of Extra Dimensions and Carbon Nanotubes
- Massive and massless two-dimensional Dirac particles in electric quantum dots
- Landau levels for graphene layers in noncommutative plane
- The emergence of net chirality in two-dimensional Dirac fermions system with altermagnetic mass
- Electronic structure and transport in materials with flat bands: 2D materials and quasicrystals
- Klein tunneling degradation and enhanced Fabry-Pérot interference in graphene/h-BN moiré-superlattice devices
- Theory of the sub-Sharvin charge transport in graphene disks
- Theory of ballistic quantum transport in presence of localized defects
- Spatial localization and diffusion of Dirac particles and waves induced by random temporal medium variations
- Tunable circular dipolelike system in graphene: Mixed electron-hole states
- Semianalytical quantum model for graphene field-effect transistors
- Formation of bound states from the edge states of 2D topological insulator by macroscopic magnetic barriers
- Interaction effects in graphene in a weak magnetic field
- Group delay time of fermions in graphene through tilted potential barrier
- Pseudospin-2 in photonic chiral borophene
- Nontrivial temperature behavior of the carrier concentration in the nanostructure "graphene channel on ferroelectric substrate with domain walls"
- Tuned gap in graphene through laser barrier
- Nanoscale ferroelectric programming of van der Waals heterostructures
- On the supersymmetric pseudo-QED
- Fermion-fermion interaction driven phase transitions in rhombohedral trilayer graphene
- Electronic transport properties and quantum localization effects monitored by selective functionalization in Bernal bilayer graphene
- A New Era of Quantum Materials Mastery and Quantum Simulators In and Out of Equilibrium
- Revisiting Andreev processes in superconductor-graphene-superconductor (SGS) Josephson junctions: Comparison with experimental results
- Imaging the localization of the quasi-bound states in graphene antidots
- Factorization of Dirac Equation and Graphene Quantum Dot
- Spin-Valley Beam Splitter in Graphene
- A weak-value model for virtual particles supplying the electric current in graphene: the minimal conductivity and the Schwinger mechanism
- Gate-controlled current switch in graphene
- Contact conductance between graphene and quantum wires
- Diffusion and localization in quantum random resistor networks
- Relativistic tunneling and accelerated transmission
- Analogue time machine in a photonic system
- Tracing Dirac points of topological surface states by ferromagnetic resonance
- Edge magnetoplasmons in a wide armchair graphene ribbon with a weak superlattice potential: finite frequency gaps and zero group velocity
- Transport properties through alternating borophene and graphene superlattices
- Signature of nodal topology in nonlinear quantum transport across junctions in Weyl and multi-Weyl semimetals
- Time-dependent transport in Graphene Mach-Zender Interferometers
- One-dimensional scattering of fermions in double Dirac delta potentials
- Klein tunneling of the electronic states in the gate voltage modulated skyrmion crystal
- Quantum Charged Spinning Massless Particles in 2+1 dimensions
- Persistent currents in topological and trivial confinement in silicene
- Thermopower generation and thermoelectric cooling in a Kane-Mele normal-insulator-superconductor nano-junction
- Tunable spectral narrowing enabling the functionality of graphene qubit circuits at room temperature
- Emergent Anti-ferromagnetism in a Y -Shaped Kekulé Graphene
- Spin and valley polarized one-way Klein tunneling in photonic topological insulators
- Transport properties in ABC-ABA-ABC trilayer graphene junctions
- Correlated quantum dynamics of graphene
- Atomic collapse of high-order singular potentials in graphene
- Dirac cones in the spectrum of bond-decorated graphenes
- Persistent current distributions along a p-n junction in graphene in a magnetic field
- Electronic analogue of Fourier optics with mass-less Dirac fermions scattered by quantum dot lattice
- Klein Paradox in Chaotic Dirac Billiards
- One-dimensional Lieb superlattices: from the discrete to the continuum limit
- Transport through Quantum Anomalous Hall Bilayers with Lattice Mismatch
- The selection rule of graphene in a composite magnetic field
- DFT+U+V Study of Magnetic Ordering in Single-Layer Pentahexoctite: Implications for Magnetic Device Platforms
- Klein Tunneling of Gigahertz Elastic Waves in Nanoelectromechanical Metamaterials
- Relativistic particles in super-periodic potentials: exploring graphene and fractal systems
- Valley Gapless Semiconductor: Models and Applications
- Physical Properties of Zener Tunnelling Nano-devices in Graphene
- Dynamically assisted Klein tunneling in the Furry picture
- Graphene separation and stretching induced by piezoelectric effect of ferroelectric domains: impact on the conductance of graphene channel
- Review of the tight-binding method applicable to the properties of moiré superlattices
- Suppression of Weiss oscillations in the magnetoconductivity of modulated graphene monolayer
- Degenerate solutions to the Dirac equation for massive particles and their applications in quantum tunneling
- Band structures and contact points in phosphorene superlattice
- Determination of the Spacing Between Hydrogen-Intercalated Quasi-Free-Standing Monolayer Graphene and 6H-SiC(0001) Using Total-Reflection High-Energy Positron Diffraction
- Unconventional transport properties in systems with triply degenerate quadratic band crossings
- Tunneling in ABC trilayer graphene superlattice
- Non-hermitian Dirac Hamiltonian in the presence of local Fermi velocity
- Nagaoka spin-valley ordering in silicene quantum dots
- Robust Luttinger liquid state of 1D Dirac fermions in a van der Waals system NbSiTe
- Isotropic Dirac fermion and anomalous oscillator strength of zeroth Landau level transition
- Perfect transmission of a Dirac particle in one-dimension double square barrier
- Mode-selective cloaking and phase-matching cavity resonances in bilayer graphene transport
- Transport properties of the pseudospin-3/2 Dirac-Weyl fermions in the double-barrier-modulated two-dimensional system
- Scattering of a Dirac particle by a Berry phase domain wall
- Transmission through rectangular potentials in semimetals featuring quadratic dispersion
- Delta-function-potential junctions with quasiparticles occupying tilted bands with quadratic-in-momentum dispersion
- Gate-defined Kondo lattices with valley-helical quantum dot arrays
- Massive Dirac-Pauli physics in lead-halide perovskites
- Sub-Sharvin conductance and incoherent shot-noise in graphene disks at magnetic field
- Simple circuit and experimental proposal for the detection of gauge-waves
- Electron scattering in a superlattice of line defects on the surface of topological insulators
- Massive Klein Tunneling in Topological Photonic Crystals
- Quantum confinement in Dirac-like nanostructures
- Massless and massive particle-in-a-box states in single-and bi-layer graphene
- Scattering Dynamics and Boundary States of a Non-Hermitian Dirac Equation
- Concentration-Diversified Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Halogen-Adsorbed Silicene
- Zero-energy states in graphene quantum dot with wedge disclination
- Spin and electric currents induced by a spin-motive force in two-dimensional Dirac semimetals protected by nonsymmorphic symmetries
- Microscopic origin of scalar potential induced topological transition in massive Dirac fermions and scalar Hall effect
- Anomalous Bloch oscillation and electrical switching of edge magnetization in bilayer graphene nanoribbon
- Electron with arbitrary pseudo spins in multilayer graphene
- Band strutures of hybrid graphene quantum dots with magnetic flux
- Assessment of High-Frequency Performance Limits of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors
- How to make graphene superconducting
- Universal Landauer conductance in chiral symmetric 2d systems
- Nonequilibrium effective vector potential due to pseudospin exchange in graphene
- Quantum electronic trasport in graphene: a kinetic and fluid-dynamic approach
- Some fluid-dynamic models for quantum electron transport in graphene via entropy minimization
- Tunneling Effect in Gapped Graphene Disk in Magnetic Flux and Electrostatic Potential
- Super-Klein tunneling of Klein-Gordon particles
- Spin-orbit coupling in photonic graphene
- Quantum geometric scattering of a Dirac particle by a Berry curvature domain wall
- Fabry-Pérot cavities and quantum dot formation at gate-defined interfaces in twisted double bilayer graphene
- Magnetic-field-assisted electron confinement and valley splitting in strained graphene
- Dynamical localization of Dirac particles in electromagnetic fields with dominating magnetic potentials
- Evidence Against Klein Paradox in Graphene
- Floquet engineering and non-equilibrium topological maps in twisted trilayer graphene
- Superconducting Dirac point in proximetized graphene
- Integrability of Dirac equations in static spherical space-times
- The geometry of induced currents in two dimensional media
- Dynamically assisted pair production in subcritical potential step and particle--anti-particle interpretations
- Enhancement of the thermoelectric properties in bilayer graphene structures induced by Fano resonances
- Edge density of bulk states due to relativity
- Semiclassical perspective on Landau levels and Hall conductivity in an anisotropic Cubic Dirac Semi-Metal and the peculiar case of star-shaped classical orbits
- Volkov-Pankratov states in a driven semimetal for a generic interface
- Electron-hole pair production in graphene for two arbitrarily polarized electric fields with a time delay
- Raman spectroscopy and imaging of graphene
- Optical analogues of quantum chirality
- Evanescent-mode-assisted Klein tunneling in dual-gated bilayer graphene
- Access to Klein Tunneling via Space-Time Modulation
- Klein tunneling of light in fiber Bragg gratings
- Geometry-Induced Vacuum Polarization and Mode Shifts in Maxwell-Klein-Gordon Theory
- Coupling of Klein-Andreev Resonant States in BiSrCaCuO-graphene-BiSrCaCuO Devices
- Super-resonant transport of topological surface states subjected to in-plane magnetic fields
- Klein tunneling through triple barrier in AB bilayer graphene
- Chiral Bloch states in single layer graphene with Rashba spin-orbit coupling: Spectrum and spin current density
- Coherent-scatterer enhancement and Klein-tunneling suppression by potential barriers in gapped graphene with chirality-time-reversal symmetry
- The soliton nature of the super-Klein tunneling effect
- Floquet Control of Electron and Exciton Transport in Kekulé-Distorted Graphene
- Controlled electron transmission by lead chalcogenide barrier potential
- A Spacetime Finite Elements Method to Solve the Dirac Equation
- Thermal Properties of Gauge-Invariant Graphene in Noncommutative Phase-Space
- Mode-Resolved Multiband Ballistic Transport and Conductance Thresholds in Bilayer Graphene Junctions
- Magnetic control of electron scattering in silicene quantum dots
- Confinement in a magnetically induced WSe quantum dots
- Anisotropic tunneling through magnetic barriers in 8-Pmmn borophene
- Magnetic control of Goos-Hänchen shifts and group delay time in monolayer WSe
- Dirac points in helically structured 1D photonic crystals
- Nanoscale force sensor and actuator with carbon-nanotube network
- Quantized Berry winding from an emergent symmetry
- Dirac-graphene in slow-light
- Hydrodynamic Analog of the Klein Paradox: Vacuum Instability and Pair Production in a Linear Elastic Medium
- Microscopic quantum theory of nonlinear absorption of strong electromagnetic radiation in doped graphene