Electronic phase separation: recent progress in the old problem

Abstract

We consider the nanoscale electronic phase separation in a wide class of different materials, mostly in strongly correlated electron systems. The phase separation turns out to be quite ubiquitous manifesting itself in different situations, where the itineracy of charge carriers competes with their tendency toward localization. The latter is often related to some specific type of magnetic ordering, e.g. antiferromagnetic in manganites and low-spin states in cobaltites. The interplay between the localization-induced lowering of potential energy and metallicity (which provides the gain in the kinetic energy) favors an inhomogeneous ground state such as nanoscale ferromagnetic droplets in an antiferromagnetic insulating background. The present review article deals with the advances in the subject of electronic phase separation and formation of different types of nanoscale ferromagnetic (FM) metallic droplets (FM polarons or ferrons) in antiferromagnetically ordered (AFM), charge-ordered (CO), or orbitally-ordered (OO) insulating matrices, as well as the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect and tunneling electron transport in the nonmetallic phase-separated state of complex magnetic oxides. It also touches upon the compounds with spin-state transitions, inhomogeneous phase-separated state in strongly correlated multiband systems, and electron polaron effect. A special, attention is paid to the systems with the imperfect Fermi surface nesting such as chromium alloys, iron-based pnictides, and AA stacked graphene bilayers.

arXiv comment135 pages, 72 figures, submitted to Physics Reports

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• Observation of an electronic microemulsion phase emerging from a quantum crystal-to-liquid transition
• Frenkel pair formation energy for cubic Fe${}_3$O${}_4$ in DFT+U calculations
• High-Tc superconducting dome in artificial heterostructures made of nanoscale quantum building blocks
• Nanoscale inhomogeneity of charge density waves dynamics in La${}_{2-x}$Sr${}_x$NiO${}_4$
• Formation of droplets of the order parameter and superconductivity in inhomogeneous Fermi-Bose mixtures (Brief review)
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• Forestalled Phase Separation as the Precursor to Stripe Order
• Coexistence of Multiple Magnetic Interactions in Oxygen Deficient V2O5 Nanoparticles
• Phase Separation in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems: Experimental View
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• Features of the Electronic and Charge States of Monovalent-Doped Manganite Films Probed by Magnetic Circular Dichroism