Direct imaging of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface

Abstract

LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 are insulating, nonmagnetic oxides, yet the interface between them exhibits a two-dimensional electron system with high electron mobility,1 superconductivity at low temperatures,2-6 and electric-field-tuned metal-insulator and superconductorinsulator phase transitions.3,6-8 Bulk magnetization and magnetoresistance measurements also suggest some form of magnetism depending on preparation conditions5,9-11 and suggest a tendency towards nanoscale electronic phase separation.10 Here we use local imaging of the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility to directly observe a landscape of ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and superconductivity. We find submicron patches of ferromagnetism in a uniform background of paramagnetism, with a nonuniform, weak diamagnetic superconducting susceptibility at low temperature. These results demonstrate the existence of nanoscale phase separation as suggested by theoretical predictions based on nearly degenerate interface sub-bands associated with the Ti orbitals.12,13 The magnitude and temperature dependence of the paramagnetic response suggests that the vast majority of the electrons at the interface are localized, and do not contribute to transport measurements.3,6,7 In addition to the implications for magnetism, the existence of a 2D superconductor at an interface with highly broken inversion symmetry and a ferromagnetic landscape in the background suggests the potential for exotic superconducting phenomena.

Edited version to appear in Nature Physics

References in corpus (4)

• Magnetic effects at the interface between nonmagnetic oxides
• Electric Field Control of the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ Interface Ground State
• Spin-like susceptibility of metallic and insulating thin films at low temperature
• Structure-Property Relation of SrTiO3-LaAlO3 Interfaces

Cited by in corpus (337)

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• A Universal Critical Density Underlying the Physics of Electrons at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
• Physics of SrTiO${}_3$-based heterostructures and nanostructures: a review
• Zero-field superconducting diode effect in small-twist-angle trilayer graphene
• Emergent properties hidden in plane view: Strong electronic correlations at oxide interfaces
• Nano Superconducting Quantum Interference device: a powerful tool for nanoscale investigations
• Origin of the two-dimensional electron gas at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces: The role of oxygen vacancies and electronic reconstruction
• LaAlO3 stoichiometry found key to electron liquid formation at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces
• Critical thickness for ferromagnetism in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
• Locally enhanced conductivity due to the tetragonal domain structure in LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ heterointerfaces
• Subband structure of a two-dimensional electron gas formed at the polar surface of the strong spin-orbit perovskite KTaO${}_3$
• Topological Superconductivity in Two-Dimensional Altermagnetic Metals
• Geometric and conventional contribution to superfluid weight in twisted bilayer graphene
• Origin of interface magnetism in BiMnO3/SrTiO3 and LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
• Efficient implementation of core-excitation Bethe Salpeter equation calculations
• Electrolyte gate-controlled Kondo effect in SrTiO3
• High mobility conduction at (110) and (111) LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces
• Quasiparticle dynamics and spin-orbital texture of the SrTiO3 two-dimensional electron gas
• Ferromagnetic exchange, spin-orbit coupling and spiral magnetism at the LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3 interface
• Universal Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Electron Systems in Functional Oxides
• Local Electrostatic Imaging of Striped Domain Order in LaAlO3/SrTiO3
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• Enhanced Stability of Skyrmions in Two-Dimensional Chiral Magnets with Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Direct k-space mapping of the electronic structure in an oxide-oxide interface
• Nanoscale Phenomena in Oxide Heterostructures
• Room-Temperature Electronically-Controlled Ferromagnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
• Oxygen vacancies at titanate interfaces: two-dimensional magnetism and orbital reconstruction
• Theory of the SrTiO3 Surface State Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
• Nanoscale electrical conductivity imaging using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• Unexpected edge conduction in HgTe quantum wells under broken time reversal symmetry
• Observation of two-dimensional superconductivity at the LaAlO3/KTaO3(110) heterointerface
• Preparation of atomically-flat SrTiO3 surfaces using a deionized-water etching and thermal annealing procedure
• A Gate-tunable Polarized Phase of Two-Dimensional Electrons at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
• Electron Correlation in Oxygen Vacancy in SrTiO${}_3$
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• Emergent nanoscale superparamagnetism at oxide interfaces
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• Engineering Correlation Effects via Artificially Designed Oxide Superlattices
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• Surface magnetism of strontium titanate
• Six-fold crystalline anisotropic magnetoresistance in the (111) LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ oxide interface
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• Intrinsic instability of electronic interfaces with strong Rashba coupling
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• Giant Oscillating Thermopower at Oxide Interfaces
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• Observation of Quantum Griffiths Singularity and Ferromagnetism at Superconducting LaAlO3/SrTiO3(110) Interface
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• Evidence of weak superconductivity at the room-temperature grown LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Electronic phase separation: recent progress in the old problem
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• Tunable electron-electron interactions in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures
• Modulation of conductance and superconductivity by top-gating in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 2-dimensional electron systems
• Ferromagnetism in itinerant two-dimensional t2g systems
• Competition Between Kondo Screening and Magnetism at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ Interface
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• Observation of a two-dimensional electron gas at the surface of annealed SrTiO3 single crystals by scanning tunneling spectroscopy
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• Magnetic, thermal, and topographic imaging with a nanometer-scale SQUID-on-cantilever scanning probe
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• One-dimensional Quantum Wire Formed at the Boundary Between Two Insulating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interfaces
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• Perspective: Strongly correlated and topological states in [111] grown transition metal oxide thin films and heterostructures
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• Scanning Quantum Cryogenic Atom Microscope
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• Charge transfer, confinement, and ferromagnetism in LaMnO${}_3$/LaNiO${}_3$ (001)-superlattice
• In-gap features in superconducting LaAlO${}_3$-SrTiO${}_3$ interfaces observed by tunneling spectroscopy
• Two-dimensional electron gas at the PbTiO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface: an ab initio study
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• Anomalous magnetic ground state in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface probed by transport through nanowires
• Emergence of electric-field-tunable interfacial ferromagnetism in 2D antiferromagnet heterostructures
• Scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry down to 350mK
• Spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking in KTaO${}_3$ heterointerface superconductors
• Temperature-dependent dielectric function of bulk SrTiO${}_3$: Urbach tail, band edges, and excitonic effects
• Multi-Orbital Superconductivity in SrTiO3 /LaAlO3 Interface and SrTiO3 Surface
• Artificial two-dimensional polar metal by charge transfer to a ferroelectric insulator
• Modulation of the superconducting critical temperature due to quantum confinement at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
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• Superconductor-metal quantum transition at the EuO-KTaO3 interface
• Magnetic interactions at the nanoscale in trilayer titanates LaTiO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$/YTiO${}_3$
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• Quasiparticle interference on cubic perovskite oxide surfaces
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• Science Case for the new High-Intensity Muon Beams HIMB at PSI
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• Large Negative Electronic Compressibility of LaAlO3-SrTiO3 Interfaces with Ultrathin LaAlO3 Layers
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• Proposal of a one-dimensional electron gas in the steps at the LaAlO${}_3$-SrTiO${}_3$ interface
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• Self-consistent iteration procedure in analyzing reflectivity and spectroscopic ellipsometry data of multilayered materials and their interfaces
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• The mechanism of spin-orbit coupling in a 2D oxide interface
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• Magnetic effects in sulfur-decorated graphene
• Ferroelectric control of spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas
• Oxygen vacancy-induced anomalous Hall effect in a nominally non-magnetic oxide
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• Exact results for itinerant ferromagnetism in a $t_{2g}$ orbital system on cubic and square lattices
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• Spectral changes in layered $f$-electron systems induced by Kondo hole substitution in the boundary-layer
• Ginzburg-Landau description of twin boundaries in noncentrosymmetric superconductors
• Visualizing quantum phenomena at complex oxide interfaces: an atomic view from scanning transmission electron microscopy
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• Enhanced tunability of two-dimensional electron gas on SrTiO3 through heterostructuring
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• Emergence of giant spin-orbit torque in a two-dimensional hole gas on the hydrogen-terminated diamond surface
• Establishing quasi-linear quadrupole functional topology by oxygen-vacancy engineering at a ferroelectric domain wall
• Potential Fluctuations at Low Temperatures in Mesoscopic-Scale SmTiO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$/SmTiO${}_3$ Quantum Well Structures
• Anisotropic vortex motion and two-dimensional superconducting transition
• Pairing around a Single Dirac Point: A Unifying View of Kohn-Luttinger Superconductivity in Chern Bands, Quarter Metals, and Topological Surface States
• Reconfigurable Oxide Nanoelectronics by Tip-induced Electron Delocalization
• Coupling between tilts and charge carriers at polar-nonpolar perovskite interfaces
• Surface state at $BaSn{O}_3$ evidenced by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations
• Topological superfluids in two-dimensional Fermi gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling
• Absence of localized $5d^1$ electrons in KTaO${}_3$ interface superconductors
• Layer-dependent electronic structures and magnetic ground states of polar-polar $\mathrm{LaV}{\mathrm{O}}_3/KTa{\mathrm{O}}_3$ (001) heterostructures
• Charge Fractionalization in Oxide Heterostructures: A Field Theoretical Model
• Electrically controlled quantum transition to an anomalous metal in 2D
• Multiple Quantum Phase Transitions at the superconducting LaTiO3/SrTiO3 interface
• Enhanced quantum oscillatory magnetization and non-equilibrium currents in an interacting two-dimensional electron system in MgZnO/ZnO with repulsive scatterers
• Electrostatic gate-controlled quantum interference in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas at the (La${}_{0.3}$Sr${}_{0.7}$)(Al${}_{0.65}$Ta${}_{0.35}$)O${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Proximity-induced Rashba spin-orbit interaction in BaMnO${}_{\text{3}}|$KTaO${}_{\text{3}}$ heterostructure for antiferromagnetic spintronics
• Designing edge currents using mesoscopic patterning in chiral d-wave superconductors
• Spin-imbalance induced buried topological edge currents in Mott \& topological insulator heterostructures
• Polarity-tunable magnetic tunnel junctions based on ferromagnetism at oxide heterointerfaces