Widefield quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: strengths, limitations, and prospects
arXiv:2108.06060 · doi:10.1063/5.0066733
Abstract
A dense layer of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers near the surface of a diamond can be interrogated in a widefield optical microscope to produce spatially resolved maps of local quantities such as magnetic field, electric field and lattice strain, providing potentially valuable information about a sample or device placed in proximity. Since the first experimental realization of such a widefield NV microscope in 2010, the technology has seen rapid development and demonstration of applications in various areas across condensed matter physics, geoscience and biology. This Perspective analyzes the strengths and shortcomings of widefield NV microscopy in order to identify the most promising applications and guide future development. We begin with a brief review of quantum sensing with ensembles of NV centers, and the experimental implementation of widefield NV microscopy. We then compare this technology to alternative microscopy techniques commonly employed to probe magnetic materials and charge flow distributions. Current limitations in spatial resolution, measurement accuracy, magnetic sensitivity, operating conditions and ease of use, are discussed. Finally, we identify the technological advances that solve the aforementioned limitations, and argue that their implementation would result in a practical, accessible, high-throughput widefield NV microscope.
arXiv comment22 pages, 8 figures
References in corpus (103)
- Quantum sensing
- The nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond
- High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution
- Sensing electric fields using single diamond spins
- Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond
- Sensitivity Optimization for NV-Diamond Magnetometry
- Direct imaging of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
- Temperature dependence of the nitrogen-vacancy magnetic resonance in diamond
- A robust, scanning quantum system for nanoscale sensing and imaging
- Probing condensed matter physics with magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
- Probing magnetism in 2D materials at the nanoscale with single spin microscopy
- Nanoscale magnetic imaging of a single electron spin under ambient conditions
- Scanning nano-SQUID with single electron spin sensitivity
- Theory of the ground state spin of the NV- center in diamond: II. Spin solutions, time-evolution, relaxation and inhomogeneous dephasing
- Theory of the ground state spin of the NV- center in diamond: I. Fine structure, hyperfine structure, and interactions with electric, magnetic and strain fields
- Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution
- Imaging viscous flow of the Dirac fluid in graphene
- Magnetic field imaging with NV ensembles
- High sensitivity magnetic imaging using an array of spins in diamond
- Engineering shallow spins in diamond with nitrogen delta-doping
- Measurement and Control of Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Spins above 600 K
- Nanoscale NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging of Multiple Nuclear Species
- Quantum imaging of current flow in graphene
- Visualizing Poiseuille flow of hydrodynamic electrons
- Simultaneous Broadband Vector Magnetometry Using Solid-State Spins
- Imaging currents in HgTe quantum wells in the quantum spin Hall regime
- Decoherence of dipolar spin ensembles in diamond
- Imaging stress and magnetism at high pressures using a nanoscale quantum sensor
- Nanoscale magnetic field mapping with a single spin scanning probe magnetometer
- Spin relaxometry of single nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond nanocrystals for magnetic noise sensing
- Quantitative nanoscale vortex-imaging using a cryogenic quantum magnetometer
- Micrometer-scale Magnetic Imaging of Geological Samples Using a Quantum Diamond Microscope
- Single-spin magnetometry with multi-pulse sensing sequences
- Vector magnetic field microscopy using nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
- The temperature shifts of the resonances of the NV- center in diamond
- Imaging orbital ferromagnetism in a moiré Chern insulator
- Emission and Propagation of Multi-Dimensional Spin Waves with nanoscale wavelengths in Anisotropic Spin Textures
- Critical thermalization of a disordered dipolar spin system in diamond
- Magnetic measurements on micron-size samples under high pressure using designed NV centers
- Fundamental studies of superconductors using scanning magnetic imaging
- Imaging the local charge environment of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
- Imaging phonon-mediated hydrodynamic flow in WTe2
- Nanomechanical sensing using spins in diamond
- Force-detected nuclear magnetic resonance: Recent advances and future challenges
- Mapping the Microscale Origins of MRI Contrast with Subcellular NV Diamond Magnetometry
- Detection of atomic spin labels in a lipid bi-layer using a single-spin nanodiamond probe
- Nanoscale electric-field imaging based on a quantum sensor and its charge-state control under ambient condition
- Perfect preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy defects in a synthetic diamond sample
- Spin-strain interaction in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
- Nanoscale electrical conductivity imaging using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
- NV- - N+ pair centre in 1b diamond
- Magnetic resonance imaging of spin-wave transport and interference in a magnetic insulator
- CVD diamond single crystals with NV centres: a review of material synthesis and technology for quantum sensing applications
- Magnetic domains and domain wall pinning in two-dimensional ferromagnets revealed by nanoscale imaging
- Diamond quantum thermometry: From foundations to applications
- Spin properties of dense near-surface ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
- Spatial mapping of band bending in semiconductor devices using in-situ quantum sensors
- Imaging non-collinear antiferromagnetic textures via single spin relaxometry
- Magnetic imaging with an ensemble of Nitrogen Vacancy centers in diamond
- Microwave device characterisation using a widefield diamond microscope
- Imaging crystal stress in diamond using ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers
- Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond for Current Imaging at the Redistributive Layer Level of Integrated Circuits
- Microscopic imaging of elastic deformation in diamond via in-situ stress tensor sensors
- Imaging Cyclotron Orbits of Electrons in Graphene
- Magnetic Field Fingerprinting of Integrated Circuit Activity with a Quantum Diamond Microscope
- Improved current density and magnetisation reconstruction through vector magnetic field measurements
- Imaging domain reversal in an ultrathin van der Waals ferromagnet
- Diamond magnetic microscopy of malarial hemozoin nanocrystals
- Wide-Field Strain Imaging with Preferentially-Aligned Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Polycrystalline Diamond
- Measuring the defect structure orientation of a single NV- centre in diamond
- Widefield imaging of superconductor vortices with electron spins in diamond
- Laser modulation of superconductivity in a cryogenic widefield nitrogen-vacancy microscope
- NV-Diamond Magnetic Microscopy using a Double Quantum 4-Ramsey Protocol
- Nanoscale vector electric field imaging using a single electron spin
- Microscale resolution thermal mapping using a flexible platform of patterned quantum sensors
- Wide-field fluorescent nanodiamond spin measurements toward real-time large-area intracellular quantum thermometry
- Long-Timescale Magnetization Ordering Induced by an Adsorbed Chiral Monolayer on Ferromagnets
- Spin-stress and spin-strain coupling in diamond-based hybrid spin oscillator systems
- Observation of Superconductivity Induced Ferromagnetism in an Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor
- A three-junction SQUID-on-tip with tunable in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic field sensitivity
- Extending the Quantum Coherence of a Near-Surface Qubit by Coherently Driving the Paramagnetic Surface Environment
- Imaging graphene field-effect transistors on diamond using nitrogen-vacancy microscopy
- Camera-limits for wide-field magnetic resonance imaging of a nitrogen-vacancy spin sensor
- Near-infrared-enhanced charge state conversion for low power optical nanoscopy with nitrogen vacancy center in diamond
- Direct reconstruction of two-dimensional currents in thin films from magnetic field measurements
- Resolution of two-dimensional Currents in Superconductors from a two-dimensional magnetic field measurement by the method of regularization
- Simultaneous Wide-field Imaging of Phase and Magnitude of AC Magnetic Signal Using Diamond Quantum Magnetometry
- Single Spin Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance with E-Band Microwave Resonators
- Probing topological spin structures using light-polarization and magnetic microscopy
- Spatiotemporal Mapping of Photocurrent in a Monolayer Semiconductor Using a Diamond Quantum Sensor
- Gapless Spin Wave Transport through a Quantum Canted-Antiferromagnet
- Proximity-induced artefacts in magnetic imaging with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond
- Comparison of different methods of nitrogen-vacancy layer formation in diamond for widefield quantum microscopy
- Nanoscale spin manipulation with pulsed magnetic gradient fields from a hard disc drive writer
- Apparent delocalisation of the current flow in metallic wires observed with diamond nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry
- Room-temperature detection of single 20 nm super-paramagnetic nanoparticles with an imaging magnetometer
- Quantitative vectorial magnetic imaging of multi domain rock forming minerals using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
- Cryogen-free variable temperature scanning SQUID microscope
- A Planar Scanning Probe Microscope
- Combined synchrotron X-ray diffraction and NV diamond magnetic microscopy measurements at high pressure
- A solution to electric-field screening in diamond quantum electrometers
- Magnetic imaging and statistical analysis of the metamagnetic phase transition of FeRh with electron spins in diamond
- Magnetic noise from ultra-thin abrasively deposited materials on diamond