Nanoscale magnetic imaging of a single electron spin under ambient conditions

Abstract

The detection of ensembles of spins under ambient conditions has revolutionized the biological, chemical, and physical sciences through magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance. Pushing sensing capabilities to the individual-spin level would enable unprecedented applications such as single molecule structural imaging; however, the weak magnetic fields from single spins are undetectable by conventional far-field resonance techniques. In recent years, there has been a considerable effort to develop nanoscale scanning magnetometers, which are able to measure fewer spins by bringing the sensor in close proximity to its target. The most sensitive of these magnetometers generally require low temperatures for operation, but measuring under ambient conditions (standard temperature and pressure) is critical for many imaging applications, particularly in biological systems. Here we demonstrate detection and nanoscale imaging of the magnetic field from a single electron spin under ambient conditions using a scanning nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometer. Real-space, quantitative magnetic-field images are obtained by deterministically scanning our NV magnetometer 50 nanometers above a target electron spin, while measuring the local magnetic field using dynamically decoupled magnetometry protocols. This single-spin detection capability could enable single-spin magnetic resonance imaging of electron spins on the nano- and atomic scales and opens the door for unique applications such as mechanical quantum state transfer.

arXiv comment12 pages, 4 figures, 6 supplementary figures

References in corpus (14)

• High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution
• Room Temperature Reversible Spin Hall Effect
• Spin-half paramagnetism in graphene induced by point defects
• Universal dynamical decoupling of a single solid-state spin from a spin bath
• A Diamond Nanowire Single Photon Antenna
• A robust, scanning quantum system for nanoscale sensing and imaging
• Scanning magnetic field microscope with a diamond single-spin sensor
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging with 90 nm Resolution
• Single-spin magnetometry with multi-pulse sensing sequences
• A Defective Graphene Phase Predicted to be a Room Temperature Ferromagnetic Semiconductor
• Quantum control of proximal spins using nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging
• Universal Magnetic Properties of sp${}^3$-type Defects in Covalently Functionalized Graphene
• Coherent, mechanical control of a single electronic spin
• Bootstrap tomography of high-precision pulses for quantum control

Cited by in corpus (176)

• Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond
• Probing condensed matter physics with magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
• Fluorescence thermometry enhanced by the quantum coherence of single spins in diamond
• Hydrodynamics of electrons in graphene
• High fidelity spin entanglement using optimal control
• Nanoscale NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging of Multiple Nuclear Species
• Sub-nanometer resolution in three-dimensional magnetic-resonance imaging of individual dark spins
• Spectroscopy of Surface-Induced Noise Using Shallow Spins in Diamond
• Non-local transport and the hydrodynamic shear viscosity in graphene
• Nano Superconducting Quantum Interference device: a powerful tool for nanoscale investigations
• Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor
• Probing surface noise with depth-calibrated spins in diamond
• All-optical thermometry and the thermal properties of the optically detected spin resonances of the NV center in nano-diamond
• Spin relaxometry of single nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond nanocrystals for magnetic noise sensing
• On the surface paramagnetism of diamond
• Nanometre-scale probing of spin waves using single electron spins
• Coherent control of the silicon-vacancy spin in diamond
• The temperature shifts of the resonances of the NV- center in diamond
• Optical signatures of silicon-vacancy spins in diamond
• Phonon-Induced Population Dynamics and Intersystem Crossing in Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
• Detection of a single fundamental charge with nanoscale resolution in ambient conditions using the NV${}^{-}$ center in diamond
• Observing bulk diamond spin coherence in high-purity nanodiamonds
• Proton magnetic resonance imaging with a nitrogen-vacancy spin sensor
• State-selective intersystem crossing in nitrogen-vacancy centers
• Introduction to Quantum Optimal Control for Quantum Sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Decoherence of near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centers due to electric field noise
• Detection of atomic spin labels in a lipid bi-layer using a single-spin nanodiamond probe
• Double-quantum spin-relaxation limits to coherence of near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centers
• Single-molecule Scale Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Fourier Magnetic Imaging with Nanoscale Resolution and Compressed Sensing Speed-up using Electronic Spins in Diamond
• Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications
• Magnetic domains and domain wall pinning in two-dimensional ferromagnets revealed by nanoscale imaging
• Nanoscale imaging of current density with a single-spin magnetometer
• Silicon vacancy center in 4H-SiC: Electronic structure and spin-photon interfaces
• Magnetic imaging with an ensemble of Nitrogen Vacancy centers in diamond
• Diamond surface engineering for molecular sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers
• All-optical sensing of a single-molecule electron spin
• Scanning nano-spin ensemble microscope for nanoscale magnetic and thermal imaging
• Stimulated emission from NV centres in diamond
• Photophysics of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals
• Nanoscale mechanics of antiferromagnetic domain walls
• Single DNA Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy in Aqueous Solutions
• Single spin stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
• Off-Resonant Manipulation of Spins in Diamond via Precessing Magnetization of a Proximal Ferromagnet
• Quantum sensing and imaging with spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride
• A silicon-based surface code quantum computer
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Single Atoms
• Measurement of the magnetic interaction between two electrons
• Quantum-impurity relaxometry of magnetization dynamics
• Measuring the defect structure orientation of a single NV- centre in diamond
• Searching for new particles beyond the standard model with a single electron-spin quantum sensor
• Nanomagnetism of magnetoelectric granular thin-film antiferromagnets
• Detecting Majoranas in 1D wires by charge sensing
• Single Spin Magnetic Resonance
• Entanglement-based dc magnetometry with separated ions
• Calibration-Free Vector Magnetometry Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond Integrated with Optical Vortex Beam
• Diagnosing phases of magnetic insulators via noise magnetometry with spin qubits
• Three-dimensional localization of spins in diamond using 12C implantation
• Is a quantum biosensing revolution approaching?
• Magnetic dipolar interaction between correlated triplets created by singlet fission in tetracene crystals
• Two-dimensional nanoscale imaging of gadolinium spins via scanning probe relaxometry with a single spin in diamond
• Nanoscale Sensing Using Point Defects in Single-Crystal Diamond: Recent Progress on Nitrogen Vacancy Center-Based Sensors
• Harnessing the Quantum Behavior of Spins on Surfaces
• Molecular quantum spin network controlled by a single qubit
• Crystallographic Orientation Dependent Reactive Ion Etch in Single Crystal Diamond
• High-frequency and high-field optically detected magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• SQUID-on-tip with single-electron spin sensitivity for high-field and ultra-low temperature nanomagnetic imaging
• Measuring nanoscale magnetic write head fields using a hybrid quantum register
• Proposal for detection of a single electron spin in a microwave resonator
• Charge State Dynamics and Optically Detected Electron Spin Resonance Contrast of Shallow Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Superresolution optical magnetic imaging and spectroscopy using individual electronic spins in diamond
• Meissner Effect Probing of Odd-Frequency Triplet Pairing in Superconducting Spin Valves
• A three-junction SQUID-on-tip with tunable in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic field sensitivity
• Diamond Magnetometry of Superconducting Thin Films
• Quantum metrology with a single spin-$3/2$ defect in silicon carbide
• Coherence times of precisely depth controlled NV centers in diamond
• Experimental bath engineering for quantitative studies of quantum control
• Antiferromagnetic nuclear spin helix and topological superconductivity in ${}^{13}$C nanotubes
• Optimized Planar Microwave Antenna for Nitrogen Vacancy Center based Sensing Applications
• Spin magnetometry as a probe of stripe superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene
• The electron-phonon processes of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• Impurity Induced Quantum Phase Transitions and Magnetic Order in Conventional Superconductors: Competition between Bound and Quasiparticle states
• Optical vortex driven charge current loop and optomagnetism in fullerenes
• Spatially - resolved study of the Meissner effect in superconductors using NV-centers-in-diamond optical magnetometry
• Scanning Quantum Cryogenic Atom Microscope
• Resistivity bound for hydrodynamic bad metals
• Local Spin Susceptibilities of Low-Dimensional Electron Systems
• Alignment of the Diamond Nitrogen Vacancy Center by Strain Engineering
• Single molecule NMR detection and spectroscopy using single spins in diamond
• Experimental Test of Born's Rule by Inspecting Third-Order Quantum Interference on a Single Spin in Solids
• Single Spin Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance with E-Band Microwave Resonators
• Quantum optimal control using phase-modulated driving fields
• Nanofluidics of Single-crystal Diamond Nanomechanical Resonators
• Enhanced photoluminescence from single nitrogen-vacancy defects in nanodiamonds coated with metal-phenolic networks
• Proposal for the Detection of Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice via Nanoscale Magnetometry
• Angstrom-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of single molecules via wavefunction fingerprints of nuclear spins
• Single-spin qubit magnetic spectroscopy of two dimensional superconductivity
• In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using single nanodiamond sensors
• Characterizing two-dimensional superconductivity via nanoscale noise magnetometry with single-spin qubits
• Roadmap on Nanoscale Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Investigation of Near-Surface Defects of Nanodiamonds by High-Frequency EPR and DFT Calculation
• Electronic magnetization of a quantum point contact measured by nuclear magnetic resonance
• Quantum noise spectroscopy of dynamical critical phenomena
• Scheme for detection of single-molecule radical pair reaction using spin in diamond
• (111)-oriented, single crystal diamond tips for nanoscale scanning probe imaging of out-of-plane magnetic fields
• Electrically tunable multi-terminal SQUID-on-tip
• Universal prethermal dynamics in Heisenberg ferromagnets
• Depth dependent decoherence caused by surface and external spins for NV centers in diamond
• NV-Metamaterial: Tunable Quantum Hyperbolic Metamaterial Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Probing one-dimensional systems via noise magnetometry with single spin qubits
• 3D Uniform Manipulation of NV Centers in Diamond Using a Dielectric Resonator Antenna
• Strain-gradient mapping of semiconductor quantum dots
• CVD-growth of ultra-pure diamond, generation of NV centers by ion-implantation and their spectroscopic characterization for quantum technological applications
• Robust Magnetometry with Single NV Centers via Two-step Optimization
• Electric noise spectra of a near-surface nitrogen vacancy center diamond with a protective layer
• Phase sensitive quantum spectroscopy with high frequency resolution
• Room temperature optical manipulation of nuclear spin polarization in GaAsN
• Electron spin resonance spectroscopy of small ensemble paramagnetic spins using a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• Optimal quantum optical control of spin in diamond
• Nuclear Quantum-Assisted Magnetometer
• Coherent microwave, optical, and mechanical quantum control of spin qubits in diamond
• Demonstration of NV-detected ESR spectroscopy at 115 GHz and 4.2 Tesla
• Orbital Magnetization of Quantum Spin Hall Insulator Nanoparticles
• Determination of Intrinsic Effective Fields and Microwave Polarizations by High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Single NV Center Spins
• Understanding the Linewidth of the ESR Spectrum Detected by a Single NV Center in Diamond
• Induction-Detection Electron Spin Resonance with Sensitivity of 1000 Spins: En Route to Scalable Quantum Computations
• Measuring environmental quantum noise exhibiting a non-monotonous spectral shape
• Quantum sensing and control of spin state dynamics in the radical pair mechanism
• Chiral phonons as dark matter detectors
• Environmentally mediated coherent control of a spin qubit in diamond
• Surface effects on nitrogen vacancy centers neutralization in diamond
• Extending qubit coherence by adaptive quantum environment learning
• Hydrodynamic sound modes and Galilean symmetry breaking in a magnon fluid
• Wavelet-based fast time-resolved magnetic sensing with electronic spins in diamond
• Dual-channel lock-in magnetometer with a single spin in diamond
• NV-center imaging of bubble domains in a 6 Å film of cobalt with perpendicular magnetization
• Scanning localized magnetic fields in a microfluidic device with a single nitrogen vacancy center
• Improving spin-based noise sensing by adaptive measurements
• Reduction of surface spin-induced electron spin relaxations in nanodiamonds
• Dark defect charge dynamics in bulk chemical-vapor-deposition-grown diamonds probed via nitrogen vacancy centers
• Diamond Magnetometry of Meissner Currents in a Superconducting Film
• Controlling a nuclear spin in a nanodiamond
• Experimental demonstration of adversarial examples in learning topological phases
• Kilohertz electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of single nitrogen centers at zero magnetic field
• Quantum monitoring the metabolism of individual yeast mutant strain cells when aged, stressed or treated with antioxidant
• Demonstration of NV-detected ${}^{13}$C NMR at 4.2 T
• Multiple re-encounter approach to radical pair reactions and the role of nonlinear master equations
• Spin coherence as a function of depth for high-density ensembles of silicon vacancies in proton-irradiated 4H-SiC
• The EDMR Microscope - Combining Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy with Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance
• Self-consistent noise characterization of quantum devices
• Numerical Engineering of Robust Adiabatic Operations
• Local noise spectroscopy of Wigner crystals in two-dimensional materials
• Measurements of the magnetic properties of conduction electrons
• Nanodiamond quantum thermometry assisted with machine learning
• Noise prediction and reduction of single electron spin by deep-learning-enhanced feedforward control
• Temperature selective thermometry with sub-microsecond time resolution using dressed-spin states in diamond
• Atomic-scale positioning of single spins via multiple nitrogen-vacancy centers
• Scalable quantum computation based on quantum actuated nuclear-spin decoherence-free qubits
• Spin, atomic and inter-atomic orbital magnetism induced by 3d nanostructures deposited on transition metal surfaces
• Correlation and current anomalies in helical quantum dots
• Detection of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Two Electron Spins Using a Single NV Center in Diamond
• Pulsed magnetic field gradient on a tip for nanoscale imaging of spins
• Widefield quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: strengths, limitations, and prospects
• Machine-learning based high-bandwidth magnetic sensing
• Scalable, nanoscale positioning of highly coherent color centers in prefabricated diamond nanostructures
• Parallel accelerated electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using diamond sensors
• Quantum metrology and its application in biology
• An ultrafast diamond nonlinear photonic sensor
• Scanning Diamond NV Center Probes Compatible with Conventional AFM Technology
• Sensing single molecule magnets with nitrogen vacancy centers
• Creation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in chemical vapor deposition diamond for sensing applications
• Pulse-width-induced polarization enhancement of optically-pumped N-V electron spin in diamond
• Diamond spin sensors: A new way to probe nanomagnetism
• Engineering Nanodiamonds for Quantum Sensing: Material Constraints at the Nanoscale
• Decoherence imaging of spin ensembles using a scanning single-electron spin in diamond
• Generation of spin-squeezed states using dipole-coupled spins