Diamond spin sensors: A new way to probe nanomagnetism

Abstract

Studies of individual quantum systems, which have led to considerable progress in our understanding of quantum physics, have traditionally been associated with atomic gases. In the last decades however, the emphasis has shifted towards solid-state systems, which are much more practical for applications. In particular, a new field has recently emerged that is concerned with the study of quantum systems based on single spins localized near point defects in crystalline solids. One such system is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond. Initially used as an experimental breadboard for testing concepts of quantum physics and quantum computation, the NV defect was soon proposed as a sensitive magnetometer, capable of detecting minute magnetic fields, down to ultimate level of single spins. This atomic-sized magnetometer can be used as a standalone sensor, or integrated into an imaging system providing spatial resolution down to the atomic scale. Diamond-based instruments thus offer new pathways to probe the magnetism of matter from the mesoscale down to the nanoscale. This book chapter gives an overview of the field of diamond-based magnetic sensing and imaging, with an emphasis on already demonstrated applications of this technology. The chapter is divided into three main sections. In Section 2, the underlying physics and methods of diamond-based magnetometry are described. Section 3 is devoted to various experimental implementations that employ this new class of sensors for magnetic sensing and imaging. Finally, some recent applications are presented in Section 4.

22 pages, 12 figure

References in corpus (22)

• High-fidelity projective readout of a solid-state spin quantum register
• Scanning magnetic field microscope with a diamond single-spin sensor
• Nanoscale magnetic imaging of a single electron spin under ambient conditions
• Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in perpendicularly-magnetized Pt/Co/AlO${}_x$ ultrathin films measured by Brillouin light spectroscopy
• Magnetic field imaging with NV ensembles
• Ab initio supercell calculations on nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond: its electronic structure and hyperfine tensors
• Broadband Magnetometry and Temperature Sensing with a Light Trapping Diamond Waveguide
• High sensitivity magnetic imaging using an array of spins in diamond
• Spin dynamics in the optical cycle of single nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
• Spectroscopy of Surface-Induced Noise Using Shallow Spins in Diamond
• Efficient readout of a single spin state in diamond via spin-to-charge conversion
• The nature of domain walls in ultrathin ferromagnets revealed by scanning nanomagnetometry
• Single-spin magnetometry with multi-pulse sensing sequences
• Proton magnetic resonance imaging with a nitrogen-vacancy spin sensor
• Nano-engineered Diamond Waveguide as a Robust Bright Platform for Nanomagnetometry Using Shallow Nitrogen Vacancy Centers
• Nano-fabricated solid immersion lenses registered to single emitters in diamond
• Scanning probe microscopy with chemical contrast by nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance
• Imaging mesoscopic nuclear spin noise with a diamond magnetometer
• Photonic nano-structures on (111) oriented diamond
• Tracking Temperature Dependent Relaxation Times of Individual Ferritin Nanomagnets with a Wide-band Quantum Spectrometer
• Two-dimensional nanoscale imaging of gadolinium spins via scanning probe relaxometry with a single spin in diamond
• A low-loss, broadband antenna for efficient photon collection from a coherent spin in diamond