Nanoscale NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging of Multiple Nuclear Species

Abstract

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are well-established techniques that provide valuable information in a diverse set of disciplines but are currently limited to macroscopic sample volumes. Here we demonstrate nanoscale NMR spectroscopy and imaging under ambient conditions of samples containing multiple nuclear species, using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centres in diamond as sensors. With single, shallow NV centres in a diamond chip and samples placed on the diamond surface, we perform NMR spectroscopy and one-dimensional MRI on few-nanometre-sized samples containing ${}^1$H and ${}^{19}$F nuclei. Alternatively, we employ a high-density NV layer near the surface of a diamond chip to demonstrate wide-field optical NMR spectroscopy of nanoscale samples containing ${}^1$H, ${}^{19}$F, and ${}^{31}$P nuclei, as well as multi-species two-dimensional optical MRI with sub-micron resolution. For all diamond samples exposed to air, we identify a ubiquitous ${}^1$H NMR signal, consistent with a $\sim 1$ nm layer of adsorbed hydrocarbons or water on the diamond surface and below any sample placed on the diamond. This work lays the foundation for nanoscale NMR and MRI applications such as studies of single proteins and functional biological imaging with subcellular resolution, as well as characterization of thin films with sub-nanometre resolution.

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Cited by in corpus (123)

• Quantum sensing
• Sensitivity Optimization for NV-Diamond Magnetometry
• Probing condensed matter physics with magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
• High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Using Solid-State Spins
• Simultaneous Broadband Vector Magnetometry Using Solid-State Spins
• Optimal and Secure Measurement Protocols for Quantum Sensor Networks
• NMR Technique for Determining the Depth of Shallow Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Single-molecule Scale Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Fourier Magnetic Imaging with Nanoscale Resolution and Compressed Sensing Speed-up using Electronic Spins in Diamond
• Multiqubit Spectroscopy of Gaussian Quantum Noise
• Quantum Metrology with Strongly Interacting Spin Systems
• Probing molecular dynamics at the nanoscale via an individual paramagnetic center
• A variational toolbox for quantum multi-parameter estimation
• Environmental noise spectroscopy with qubits subjected to dynamical decoupling
• Spin properties of dense near-surface ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
• Spurious harmonic response of multipulse quantum sensing sequences
• Quantum diamond spectrometer for nanoscale NMR and ESR spectroscopy
• Solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a nanostructured diamond chip
• Single spin stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
• Nonvolatile quantum memory enables sensor unlimited nanoscale spectroscopy of finite quantum systems
• Hyperpolarized Nanodiamond with Long Spin Relaxation Times
• Wide-Field Strain Imaging with Preferentially-Aligned Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Polycrystalline Diamond
• Zero- to Ultralow-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance $J$-Spectroscopy with Commercial Atomic Magnetometers
• Surface NMR using quantum sensors in diamond
• Single Spin Magnetic Resonance
• Quantum probe hyperpolarisation of molecular nuclear spins
• Relaxometry and dephasing imaging of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles using a single qubit
• Is a quantum biosensing revolution approaching?
• Tunable and Transferable Diamond Membranes for Integrated Quantum Technologies
• Wide-band, nanoscale magnetic resonance spectroscopy using quantum relaxation of a single spin in diamond
• One- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a diamond quantum sensor
• Perfectly Aligned Shallow Ensemble Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in (111) Diamond
• Overcoming resolution limits with quantum sensing
• Spectroscopy of cross-correlations of environmental noises with two qubits
• Longitudinal spin-relaxation in nitrogen-vacancy centers in electron irradiated diamond
• Superresolution optical magnetic imaging and spectroscopy using individual electronic spins in diamond
• Photoluminescence decomposition analysis: a technique to characterize NV creation in diamond
• Novel color center platforms enabling fundamental scientific discovery
• Coherence times of precisely depth controlled NV centers in diamond
• Microwave-Free Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Molecular Scales
• Determination of the 3D Magnetic Field Vector Orientation with NV Centers in Diamond
• Randomisation of Pulse Phases for Unambiguous and Robust Quantum Sensing
• Spin dynamics of diamond nitrogen-vacancy centres at the ground state level anti-crossing and all-optical low frequency magnetic field sensing
• Broadband loop gap resonator for nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
• Prospects for nuclear spin hyperpolarisation of molecular samples using nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
• Adaptive tracking of a time-varying field with a quantum sensor
• Improved quantum sensing with a single solid-state spin via spin-to-charge conversion
• Single Spin Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance with E-Band Microwave Resonators
• Hyperpolarisation of external nuclear spins using nitrogen-vacancy centre ensembles
• Dynamic ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ nuclear spin polarization in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Determination of local defect density in diamond by double electron-electron resonance
• Construction and operation of a tabletop system for nanoscale magnetometry with single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• First principles study of charge diffusion between proximate solid state qubits and its implications on sensor applications
• Spatiotemporal Mapping of Photocurrent in a Monolayer Semiconductor Using a Diamond Quantum Sensor
• NV center based nano-NMR enhanced by deep learning
• Proximity-induced artefacts in magnetic imaging with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond
• Nanoscale Solid-State Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy using Depth-Optimized Nitrogen-Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond
• Boundary between the thermal and statistical polarization regimes in a nuclear spin ensemble
• How to detect qubit-environment entanglement generated during qubit dephasing
• Scheme for detection of single-molecule radical pair reaction using spin in diamond
• Spatially resolved detection of complex ferromagnetic dynamics using optically detected NV spins
• The dynamical-decoupling-based spatiotemporal noise spectroscopy
• NV-Metamaterial: Tunable Quantum Hyperbolic Metamaterial Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Comparison of different methods of nitrogen-vacancy layer formation in diamond for widefield quantum microscopy
• Determination of the Position of a Single Nuclear Spin from Free Nuclear Precessions Detected by a Solid-State Quantum Sensor
• Influence of nuclear spin polarization on spin echo signal of NV center qubit
• Zero- to Ultralow-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Nano-NMR based flow meter
• Accuracy of dynamical-decoupling-based spectroscopy of Gaussian noise
• Nuclear Quantum-Assisted Magnetometer
• Nonclassical correlations for quantum metrology in thermal equilibrium
• Optical Widefield Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy
• The non-vanishing effect of detuning errors in dynamical decoupling based quantum sensing experiments
• Glass-patternable notch-shaped microwave architecture for on-chip spin detection in biological samples
• Confined nano-NMR spectroscopy using NV centers
• Wide-field diamond magnetometry with millihertz frequency resolution and nanotesla sensitivity
• What the foundations of quantum computer science teach us about chemistry
• Magnetic field noise analyses generated by the interactions between a nitrogen vacancy center diamond and surface and bulk impurities
• Observation of liquid-solid transition of nanoconfined water at ambient temperature
• Surface effects on nitrogen vacancy centers neutralization in diamond
• Imaging nuclear spins weakly coupled to a probe paramagnetic center
• Low field nuclear polarization using Nitrogen Vacancy centers in diamonds
• Influence of dynamical decoupling sequences with finite-width pulses on quantum sensing for AC magnetometry
• Robust Detection of High-Frequency Signals at the Nanoscale
• Spectroscopy of classical environmental noise with a qubit subjected to projective measurements
• Relationship between subjecting the qubit to dynamical decoupling and to a sequence of projective measurements
• Power-law scaling of correlations in statistically polarised nano-NMR
• Achieving the ultimate precision limit in quantum NMR spectroscopy
• Quantum Sensing of Spin Fluctuations of Magnetic Insulator Films with Perpendicular Anisotropy
• Efficient continuous wave noise spectroscopy beyond weak coupling
• Detection and control of single proton spins in a thin layer of diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition
• Qubit-environment Negativity versus Fidelity of conditional environmental states for an NV-center spin qubit interacting with a nuclear environment
• Quantum Sensing of Insulator-to-Metal Transitions in a Mott Insulator
• Modeling of radiative emission from shallow color centers in single crystalline diamond
• Spin coherence and depths of single nitrogen-vacancy centers created by ion implantation into diamond via screening masks
• Accelerated 2D magnetic resonance spectroscopy of single spins using matrix completion
• Estimating energy levels of a three-level atom in single and multi-parameter metrological schemes
• Homogeneous Free-Standing Nanostructures from Bulk Diamond over Millimeter Scales for Quantum Technologies
• Homonuclear J-Coupling Spectroscopy using J-Synchronized Echo Detection
• Double Quantum Magnetometry at Large Static Magnetic Fields
• Super-resolution Localization of Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond with Quantum Controlled Photoswitching
• Localization of a magnetic moment using a two-qubit probe
• Microwave-free imaging magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds at near-zero field
• Quantum Frequency Mixing using an N-$V$ Diamond Microscope
• Atomic-scale positioning of single spins via multiple nitrogen-vacancy centers
• On the robustness of the NV-NMR spectrometer setup to magnetic field inhomogeneities
• Force-detected Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• On the creation of near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centre ensembles by implantation of type Ib diamond
• Quadrupolar resonance spectroscopy of individual nuclei using a room-temperature quantum sensor
• Widefield quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: strengths, limitations, and prospects
• The role of exchange interaction in nitrogen vacancy centre-based magnetometry
• Efficient Detection of Statistical RF Fields at High Magnetic Field with a Quantum Sensor
• Decoherence-assisted detection of entanglement of two qubit states
• A nitrogen-vacancy spin based molecular structure microscope using multiplexed projection reconstruction
• Quantum sensor in a single layer van der Waals material
• Quantum Memory Enhanced Multipoint Correlation Spectroscopy for Statistically Polarized NMR
• Scanning Diamond NV Center Probes Compatible with Conventional AFM Technology
• Sequential Bayesian experiment design for adaptive Ramsey sequence measurements
• Understanding the magnetic resonance spectrum of nitrogen vacancy centers in an ensemble of randomly-oriented nanodiamonds
• Efficient creation of shallow NV${}^{-}$ ensembles by high-angle ion implantation
• Quantum sensing in the fractional Fourier domain
• Towards Quantum Limited Spatial Resolution of NV-Diamond Magnetometry
• Principles and Techniques of the Quantum Diamond Microscope