Nanoscale NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging of Multiple Nuclear Species

Abstract

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are well-established techniques that provide valuable information in a diverse set of disciplines but are currently limited to macroscopic sample volumes. Here we demonstrate nanoscale NMR spectroscopy and imaging under ambient conditions of samples containing multiple nuclear species, using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centres in diamond as sensors. With single, shallow NV centres in a diamond chip and samples placed on the diamond surface, we perform NMR spectroscopy and one-dimensional MRI on few-nanometre-sized samples containing ${}^1$H and ${}^{19}$F nuclei. Alternatively, we employ a high-density NV layer near the surface of a diamond chip to demonstrate wide-field optical NMR spectroscopy of nanoscale samples containing ${}^1$H, ${}^{19}$F, and ${}^{31}$P nuclei, as well as multi-species two-dimensional optical MRI with sub-micron resolution. For all diamond samples exposed to air, we identify a ubiquitous ${}^1$H NMR signal, consistent with a $\sim 1$ nm layer of adsorbed hydrocarbons or water on the diamond surface and below any sample placed on the diamond. This work lays the foundation for nanoscale NMR and MRI applications such as studies of single proteins and functional biological imaging with subcellular resolution, as well as characterization of thin films with sub-nanometre resolution.

References in corpus (9)

• High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution
• Dynamical decoupling and noise spectroscopy with a superconducting flux qubit
• How to Enhance Dephasing Time in Superconducting Qubits
• Nanoscale magnetic imaging of a single electron spin under ambient conditions
• Extending Quantum Coherence in Diamond
• Detection and control of individual nuclear spins using a weakly coupled electron spin
• Magnetic field imaging with NV ensembles
• Dynamical Decoupling of a single electron spin at room temperature
• Single-spin magnetometry with multi-pulse sensing sequences

Cited by in corpus (47)

• Single-molecule Scale Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Multiqubit Spectroscopy of Gaussian Quantum Noise
• Spurious harmonic response of multipulse quantum sensing sequences
• Wide-Field Strain Imaging with Preferentially-Aligned Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Polycrystalline Diamond
• Surface NMR using quantum sensors in diamond
• Single Spin Magnetic Resonance
• Tunable and Transferable Diamond Membranes for Integrated Quantum Technologies
• Spin dynamics of diamond nitrogen-vacancy centres at the ground state level anti-crossing and all-optical low frequency magnetic field sensing
• Randomisation of Pulse Phases for Unambiguous and Robust Quantum Sensing
• Determination of local defect density in diamond by double electron-electron resonance
• Construction and operation of a tabletop system for nanoscale magnetometry with single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Nanoscale Solid-State Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy using Depth-Optimized Nitrogen-Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond
• Boundary between the thermal and statistical polarization regimes in a nuclear spin ensemble
• Zero- to Ultralow-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Nuclear Quantum-Assisted Magnetometer
• Optical Widefield Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy
• Confined nano-NMR spectroscopy using NV centers
• Glass-patternable notch-shaped microwave architecture for on-chip spin detection in biological samples
• What the foundations of quantum computer science teach us about chemistry
• Observation of liquid-solid transition of nanoconfined water at ambient temperature
• Magnetic field noise analyses generated by the interactions between a nitrogen vacancy center diamond and surface and bulk impurities
• Surface effects on nitrogen vacancy centers neutralization in diamond
• Power-law scaling of correlations in statistically polarised nano-NMR
• Detection and control of single proton spins in a thin layer of diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition
• Modeling of radiative emission from shallow color centers in single crystalline diamond
• Estimating energy levels of a three-level atom in single and multi-parameter metrological schemes
• Spin coherence and depths of single nitrogen-vacancy centers created by ion implantation into diamond via screening masks
• Homonuclear J-Coupling Spectroscopy using J-Synchronized Echo Detection
• Homogeneous Free-Standing Nanostructures from Bulk Diamond over Millimeter Scales for Quantum Technologies
• Localization of a magnetic moment using a two-qubit probe
• Microwave-free imaging magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds at near-zero field
• Quantum Frequency Mixing using an N-$V$ Diamond Microscope
• On the creation of near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centre ensembles by implantation of type Ib diamond
• Quadrupolar resonance spectroscopy of individual nuclei using a room-temperature quantum sensor
• Widefield quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: strengths, limitations, and prospects
• The role of exchange interaction in nitrogen vacancy centre-based magnetometry
• Efficient Detection of Statistical RF Fields at High Magnetic Field with a Quantum Sensor
• Quantum Memory Enhanced Multipoint Correlation Spectroscopy for Statistically Polarized NMR
• Quantum sensor in a single layer van der Waals material
• A nitrogen-vacancy spin based molecular structure microscope using multiplexed projection reconstruction
• Scanning Diamond NV Center Probes Compatible with Conventional AFM Technology
• Understanding the magnetic resonance spectrum of nitrogen vacancy centers in an ensemble of randomly-oriented nanodiamonds
• Quantum sensing in the fractional Fourier domain
• Towards Quantum Limited Spatial Resolution of NV-Diamond Magnetometry
• Principles and Techniques of the Quantum Diamond Microscope
• Efficient creation of shallow NV${}^{-}$ ensembles by high-angle ion implantation
• Sequential Bayesian experiment design for adaptive Ramsey sequence measurements