Wide-band, nanoscale magnetic resonance spectroscopy using quantum relaxation of a single spin in diamond

Abstract

We demonstrate a wide-band all-optical method of nanoscale magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy under ambient conditions. Our method relies on cross-relaxation between a probe spin, the electronic spin of a nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond, and target spins as the two systems are tuned into resonance. By optically monitoring the spin relaxation time ($T_1$) of the probe spin while varying the amplitude of an applied static magnetic field, a frequency spectrum of the target spin resonances, a $T_1$-MR spectrum, is obtained. As a proof of concept, we measure $T_1$-MR spectra of a small ensemble of ${}^{14}$N impurities surrounding the probe spin within the diamond, with each impurity comprising an electron spin 1/2 and a nuclear spin 1. The intrinsically large bandwidth of the technique and probe properties allows us to detect both electron spin transitions -- in the GHz range -- and nuclear spin transitions -- in the MHz range -- of the ${}^{14}$N spin targets. The measured frequencies are found to be in excellent agreement with theoretical expectations, and allow us to infer the hyperfine, quadrupole and gyromagnetic constants of the target spins. Analysis of the strength of the resonances obtained in the $T_1$-MR spectrum reveals that the electron spin transitions are probed via dipole interactions, while the nuclear spin resonances are dramatically enhanced by hyperfine coupling and an electron-mediated process. Finally, we investigate theoretically the possibility of performing $T_1$-MR spectroscopy on nuclear spins without hyperfine interaction and predict single-proton sensitivity using current technology. This work establishes $T_1$-MR as a simple yet powerful technique for nanoscale MR spectroscopy, with broadband capability and a projected sensitivity down to the single nuclear spin level.

23 pages, 8 figures

References in corpus (5)

• High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution
• Dynamic polarization of single nuclear spins by optical pumping of NV color centers in diamond at room temperature
• Nanoscale NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging of Multiple Nuclear Species
• Spin dynamics in the optical cycle of single nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
• Spurious harmonic response of multipulse quantum sensing sequences

Cited by in corpus (39)

• Sensitivity Optimization for NV-Diamond Magnetometry
• Spin properties of dense near-surface ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
• Microwave-free vector magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers along a single axis in diamond
• Quantum probe hyperpolarisation of molecular nuclear spins
• Impact of surface functionalisation on the quantum coherence of nitrogen vacancy centres in nanodiamond
• Multi-spin-assisted optical pumping of bulk 13C nuclear spin polarization in diamond
• Microwave-Free Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Molecular Scales
• Eddy-current imaging with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Detection of paramagnetic spins with an ultrathin van der Waals quantum sensor
• All-Optical Nuclear Quantum Sensing using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Spin dynamics of diamond nitrogen-vacancy centres at the ground state level anti-crossing and all-optical low frequency magnetic field sensing
• Photoluminescence at the ground state level anticrossing of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• Longitudinal spin relaxation model applied to point defect qubit systems
• A Quantum Klystron -- Controlling Quantum Systems with Modulated Electron Beams
• Determination of local defect density in diamond by double electron-electron resonance
• Dynamic ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ nuclear spin polarization in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Hyperfine level structure in nitrogen-vacancy centers near the ground-state level anticrossing
• Temperature-dependence of T1 spin relaxation of single NV centers in nanodiamonds
• Nano-NMR based flow meter
• The non-vanishing effect of detuning errors in dynamical decoupling based quantum sensing experiments
• Magnetic field sensitivity and decoherence spectroscopy of an ensemble of narrow-linewidth nitrogen-vacancy centers close to a diamond surface
• Optically detected magnetic resonance with an open source platform
• Environmentally mediated coherent control of a spin qubit in diamond
• Cross-relaxation studies with optically detected magnetic resonances in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond in an external magnetic field
• Magnetic noise from ultra-thin abrasively deposited materials on diamond
• Broadband EPR Spectroscopy in Diverse Field Conditions Using Optically Detected Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• High precision single qubit tuning via thermo-magnetic field control
• Electrical readout microwave-free sensing with diamond
• Exploring the nonlinear regime of light-matter interaction using electronic spins in diamond
• Enhanced widefield quantum sensing with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles using diamond nanopillar arrays
• NV microscopy of thermally controlled stresses caused by Cr${}_2$O${}_3$ thin films
• Dynamical nuclear polarization for dissipation-induced entanglement in NV centers
• Mechanical rotation via optical pumping of paramagnetic impurities
• Multiphoton resonances in nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond
• Engineering diamond interfaces free of dark spins
• Room-temperature hybrid 2D-3D quantum spin system for enhanced magnetic sensing and many-body dynamics
• Quantum simulation of spin-1/2 XYZ model using solid-state spin centers
• A method for robust spin relaxometry in the presence of imperfect state preparation
• Decoherence of V${}_{\mathrm{B}}^{-}$ spin defects in monoisotopic hexagonal boron nitride