Microwave-free vector magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers along a single axis in diamond

Abstract

Sensing vector magnetic fields is critical to many applications in fundamental physics, bioimaging, and material science. Magnetic-field sensors exploiting nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are particularly compelling as they offer high sensitivity and spatial resolution even at nanoscale. Achieving vector magnetometry has, however, often required applying microwaves sequentially or simultaneously, limiting the sensors' applications under cryogenic temperature. Here we propose and demonstrate a microwave-free vector magnetometer that simultaneously measures all Cartesian components of a magnetic field using NV ensembles in diamond. In particular, the present magnetometer leverages the level anticrossing in the triplet ground state at 102.4 mT, allowing the measurement of both longitudinal and transverse fields with a wide bandwidth from zero to megahertz range. Full vector sensing capability is proffered by modulating fields along the preferential NV axis and in the transverse plane and subsequent demodulation of the signal. This sensor exhibits a root mean square noise floor of about 300 pT/Hz^(1/2) in all directions. The present technique is broadly applicable to both ensemble sensors and potentially also single-NV sensors, extending the vector capability to nanoscale measurement under ambient temperatures.

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Cited by in corpus (21)

• Nanoscale vector AC magnetometry with a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• Optimal and Variational Multi-Parameter Quantum Metrology and Vector Field Sensing
• Optimisation of a diamond nitrogen vacancy centre magnetometer for sensing of biological signals
• All-Optical Nuclear Quantum Sensing using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Photoluminescence at the ground state level anticrossing of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• Probing topological spin structures using light-polarization and magnetic microscopy
• Low temperature photo-physics of single NV centers in diamond
• High homogeneity permanent magnet for diamond magnetometry
• Partial measurements of the total field gradient and the field gradient tensor using an atomic magnetic gradiometer
• Interplay between charge and spin noise in the near-surface theory of decoherence and relaxation of $C_{3v}$ symmetry qutrit spin-1 centers
• Quantum thermodynamic derivation of the energy resolution limit in magnetometry
• Theory of spin center sensing of diffusion
• Suppression of the optical linewidth and spin decoherence of a quantum spin center in a $p$$-$$n$ diode
• Vector DC magnetic-field sensing with reference microwave field using perfectly aligned nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Electrical readout microwave-free sensing with diamond
• Multi-Angle Reconstruction of Domain Morphology with All-Optical Diamond Magnetometry
• Near-zero-field microwave-free magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds
• Microwave-free imaging magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds at near-zero field
• Diamond-optic enhanced photon collection efficiency for sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers
• Vector detection of AC magnetic fields by Nitrogen-Vacancy centers of single orientation in diamond
• Planar scanning probe microscopy enables vector magnetic field imaging at the nanoscale