Temperature and magnetic field dependent longitudinal spin relaxation in nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond

Abstract

We present an experimental study of the longitudinal electron-spin relaxation time (T1) of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) ensembles in diamond. T1 was studied as a function of temperature from 5 to 475 K and magnetic field from 0 to 630 G for several samples with various NV and nitrogen concentrations. Our studies reveal three processes responsible for T1 relaxation. Above room temperature, a two-phonon Raman process dominates, and below, we observe an Orbach-type process with an activation energy, 73(4) meV, which closely matches the local vibrational modes of the NV center. At yet lower temperatures, sample dependent cross relaxation processes dominate, resulting in temperature independent values of T1, from ms to minutes. The value of T1 in this limit depends sensitively on magnetic field and can be tuned by more than an order of magnitude.

5 pages, 3 figures, and 3 pages of supplemental material with additional figures

References in corpus (25)

• Quantum Computing
• The Physical Implementation of Quantum Computation
• High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution
• Sensing electric fields using single diamond spins
• Universal dynamical decoupling of a single solid-state spin from a spin bath
• High-fidelity projective readout of a solid-state spin quantum register
• Strong Coupling of a Spin Ensemble to a Superconducting Resonator
• High nitrogen-vacancy density diamonds for magnetometry applications
• Scalable quantum register based on coupled electron spins in a room temperature solid
• Coherent coupling of a superconducting flux-qubit to an electron spin ensemble in diamond
• Hybrid quantum circuit with a superconducting qubit coupled to a spin ensemble
• Extending Quantum Coherence in Diamond
• Photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles for cell labeling: study of the uptake mechanism in mammalian cells
• Cavity QED with magnetically coupled collective spin states
• Magnetic field imaging with NV ensembles
• Quenching Spin Decoherence in Diamond through Spin Bath Polarization
• Dynamical Decoupling of a single electron spin at room temperature
• Optical properties of the nitrogen-vacancy singlet levels in diamond
• Coherence of single spins coupled to a nuclear spin bath of varying density
• Vector magnetic field microscopy using nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
• Broadband magnetometry by infrared-absorption detection of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond
• Enhanced solid-state multi-spin metrology using dynamical decoupling
• Measurement of the Spin Relaxation Time of Single Electrons in a Silicon MOS-Based Quantum Dot
• Vibrational modes and lattice distortion of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond from first-principles calculations
• Lifetime measurements (T1) of electron spins in Si/SiGe quantum dots

Cited by in corpus (189)

• Sensitivity Optimization for NV-Diamond Magnetometry
• Solid-state electronic spin coherence time approaching one second
• Fluorescence thermometry enhanced by the quantum coherence of single spins in diamond
• Dynamic strain-mediated coupling of a single diamond spin to a mechanical resonator
• Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution
• Detection and control of individual nuclear spins using a weakly coupled electron spin
• Phonon-induced spin-spin interactions in diamond nanostructures: application to spin squeezing
• One-second coherence for a single electron spin coupled to a multi-qubit nuclear-spin environment
• Spectroscopy of Surface-Induced Noise Using Shallow Spins in Diamond
• Observation of an environmentally insensitive solid state spin defect in diamond
• Scalable Architecture for a Room Temperature Solid-State Quantum Information Processor
• Decoherence of dipolar spin ensembles in diamond
• Spin relaxometry of single nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond nanocrystals for magnetic noise sensing
• Quantum decoherence dynamics of divacancy spins in silicon carbide
• Probing surface noise with depth-calibrated spins in diamond
• On the surface paramagnetism of diamond
• Room Temperature Coherent Control of Spin Defects in hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Continuous-wave room-temperature diamond maser
• Imaging the local charge environment of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Nano-engineered Diamond Waveguide as a Robust Bright Platform for Nanomagnetometry Using Shallow Nitrogen Vacancy Centers
• Light narrowing of magnetic resonances in ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Locking of electron spin coherence over fifty milliseconds in natural silicon carbide
• Quantum coherence control at near 1000 K
• Quantum many-body theory for electron spin decoherence in nanoscale nuclear spin baths
• Stable Three-Axis Nuclear Spin Gyroscope in Diamond
• Gyroscopes based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Depolarization dynamics in a strongly interacting solid-state spin ensemble
• Double-quantum spin-relaxation limits to coherence of near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centers
• Towards exact predictions of spin-phonon relaxation times: an ab initio implementation of open quantum systems theory
• Electromagnetically-induced transparency in a diamond spin ensemble enables all-optical electromagnetic field sensing
• Optimizing a Dynamical Decoupling Protocol for Solid-State Electronic Spin Ensembles in Diamond
• Origins of Slow Magnetic Relaxation in Single-Molecule Magnets
• Diamond surface engineering for molecular sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers
• Optical polarization of nuclear ensembles in diamond
• Radio-frequency magnetometry using a single electron spin
• Magnetic criticality-enhanced hybrid nanodiamond-thermometer under ambient conditions
• Protecting a diamond quantum memory by charge state control
• Proposal of room-temperature diamond maser
• Photonic Quantum Networks formed from NV- Centers
• Emergent hydrodynamics in a strongly interacting dipolar spin ensemble
• The neutral silicon-vacancy center in diamond: spin polarization and lifetimes
• Nonvolatile quantum memory enables sensor unlimited nanoscale spectroscopy of finite quantum systems
• Tracking Temperature Dependent Relaxation Times of Individual Ferritin Nanomagnets with a Wide-band Quantum Spectrometer
• Composite-pulse magnetometry with a solid-state quantum sensor
• Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond based on infrared absorption in a doubly resonant optical cavity
• Hybrid systems for the generation of non-classical mechanical states via quadratic interactions
• Wide-band, nanoscale magnetic resonance spectroscopy using quantum relaxation of a single spin in diamond
• Spin-lattice relaxation of individual solid-state spins
• Solid-state electron spin lifetime limited by phononic vacuum modes
• Probing the coherence of solid-state qubits at avoided crossings
• Enhanced dynamic nuclear polarization via swept microwave frequency combs
• Implementation of dynamically corrected gates for single-spin qubits
• Microwave saturation spectroscopy of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond
• Proposal for detection of a single electron spin in a microwave resonator
• Hyperpolarized relaxometry based nuclear T1 noise spectroscopy in hybrid diamond quantum registers
• Sidebands in Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Signals of Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Coupled charge and spin dynamics in high-density ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Longitudinal spin-relaxation in nitrogen-vacancy centers in electron irradiated diamond
• Observing information backflow from controllable non-Markovian multi-channels in diamond
• Photoluminescence decomposition analysis: a technique to characterize NV creation in diamond
• Temperature-dependent spin-lattice relaxation of the nitrogen-vacancy spin triplet in diamond
• Electron spin resonance detected by a superconducting qubit
• Noise-resilient Quantum Computing with a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center and Nuclear Spins
• Ramsey interferences and spin echoes from electron spins inside a levitating macroscopic particle
• Topological Singularity Induced Chiral Kohn Anomaly in a Weyl Semimetal
• Spin-mechanics with levitating ferromagnetic particles
• Dynamical Exploration of Amplitude Bistability in Engineered Quantum Systems
• Quantum Logic between Remote Quantum Registers
• Coherent population trapping of a single nuclear spin under ambient conditions
• Microwave-Free Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Molecular Scales
• Optimal control of fast and high-fidelity quantum gates with electron and nuclear spins of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• A multiconfigurational study of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• Measuring mechanical motion with a single spin
• Spin dynamics of diamond nitrogen-vacancy centres at the ground state level anti-crossing and all-optical low frequency magnetic field sensing
• Selective measurement of charge dynamics in an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nano- and bulk diamonds
• Generating spin squeezing states and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement using a hybrid phonon-spin ensemble in diamond
• Prospects for nuclear spin hyperpolarisation of molecular samples using nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
• Towards a room-temperature spin quantum bus in diamond via optical spin injection, transport and detection
• Impact of Charge Conversion on NV-Center Relaxometry
• Coherent population oscillations with nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond
• Quantum Control for Nanoscale Spectroscopy With Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers: A Short Review
• Longitudinal spin-relaxation of donor-bound electrons in direct bandgap semiconductors
• Optically Detected Cross-Relaxation Spectroscopy of Electron Spins in Diamond
• Spin-mechanics with nitrogen-vacancy centers and trapped particles
• Quasi-Floquet prethermalization in a disordered dipolar spin ensemble in diamond
• Ab initio calculation of the spin lattice relaxation time $T_1$ for nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Electrical Control of Coherent Spin Rotation of a Single-Spin Qubit
• Longitudinal spin relaxation model applied to point defect qubit systems
• Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Effects with Nitrogen Vacancy Center Spins in Diamond and Microwave Resonators at Room Temperature
• Quantitative study of the response of a single NV defect in diamond to magnetic noise
• Electron-electron double resonance detected NMR spectroscopy using ensemble NV centers at 230 GHz and 8.3 Tesla
• Determination of local defect density in diamond by double electron-electron resonance
• Angstrom-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of single molecules via wavefunction fingerprints of nuclear spins
• Longitudinal relaxation of a nitrogen-vacancy center in a spin bath by generalized cluster-correlation expansion method
• Quantum information processing with closely-spaced diamond color centers in strain and magnetic fields
• Single-spin qubit magnetic spectroscopy of two dimensional superconductivity
• Temperature dependence of divacancy spin coherence in implanted silicon carbide
• Temperature-dependence of T1 spin relaxation of single NV centers in nanodiamonds
• High-Fidelity Hot Gates for Generic Spin-Resonator Systems
• The Role of Electrolytes in the Relaxation of Near-Surface Spin Defects in Diamond
• Arbitrary Nuclear Spin Gates in Diamond Mediated by a NV-center Electron Spin
• Long Spin Coherence and Relaxation Times in Nanodiamonds Milled from Polycrystalline ${}^{12}$C Diamond
• Strongly Anisotropic Spin Relaxation in the Neutral Silicon Vacancy Center in Diamond
• NV-Metamaterial: Tunable Quantum Hyperbolic Metamaterial Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Probing one-dimensional systems via noise magnetometry with single spin qubits
• Ground-state cooling of a nanomechanical oscillator with N spins
• Magnetic Resonance in Defect Spins mediated by Spin Waves
• The Landau--Zener Problem with Decay and with Dephasing
• State-dependent phonon-limited spin relaxation of nitrogen-vacancy centers
• Sensitive detection of level anti-crossing spectra of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Dispersive Readout of Room Temperature Spin Qubits
• High fidelity gate operations within the coupled nuclear and electron spins of a nitrogen vacancy center in diamond
• Temperature dependent coherence properties of NV ensemble in diamond up to 600K
• Optical hyperpolarization of nitrogen donor spins in bulk diamond
• Probing a spin transfer controlled magnetic nanowire with a single nitrogen-vacancy spin in bulk diamond
• Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetic Relaxometry of Nanoclustered Cytochrome C Proteins
• Magnetic field sensitivity and decoherence spectroscopy of an ensemble of narrow-linewidth nitrogen-vacancy centers close to a diamond surface
• Detection of a weak magnetic field via cavity enhanced Faraday rotation
• All-optical quantum sensing of rotational Brownian motion of magnetic molecules
• Dark State Polarizing a Nuclear Spin in the Vicinity of a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center
• Surface roughness noise analysis and comprehensive noise effects on depth-dependent coherence time of NV centers in diamond
• All-optical high-resolution magnetic resonance using a nitrogen-vacancy spin in diamond
• Terahertz Emission From Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
• Directional Detection of Dark Matter Using Solid-State Quantum Sensing
• Optically detected magnetic resonance with an open source platform
• High temperature annealing enhanced diamond 13C hyperpolarization at room temperature
• Quantum-grade nanodiamonds for ultrabright spin detection in live cells
• Incidence of Quantum Confinement on Dark Triplet Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes
• Purification of an unpolarized spin ensemble into entangled singlet pairs
• Quantum metrology with one auxiliary particle in a correlated bath and its quantum simulation
• Stimulated Raman Adiabatic control of a nuclear spin in diamond
• Long Spin Relaxation Times in CVD-Grown Nanodiamonds
• Spin ensemble-based AC magnetometry using concatenated dynamical decoupling at low temperatures
• Reduction of surface spin-induced electron spin relaxations in nanodiamonds
• Light Dark Matter Search with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamonds
• Electron induced nanoscale nuclear spin relaxation probed by hyperpolarization injection
• Magnetic noise from ultra-thin abrasively deposited materials on diamond
• Electric-Field-Induced Coherent Control of Nitrogen Vacancy Centers
• Decoherence of Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Identifying and decoupling many-body interactions in spin ensembles in diamond
• Steady state preparation of long-lived nuclear spin singlet pair at room temperature
• Maser Threshold Characterization by Resonator Q-Factor Tuning
• Magnetic-Torque Enhanced by Tunable Dipolar interactions
• Optical nonreciprocity in rotating diamond with nitrogen-vacancy center
• Optically-Trapped Nanodiamond-Relaxometry Detection of Nanomolar Paramagnetic Spins in Aqueous Environments
• Theory of spin center sensing of diffusion
• Suppression of the optical linewidth and spin decoherence of a quantum spin center in a $p$$-$$n$ diode
• Interplay between charge and spin noise in the near-surface theory of decoherence and relaxation of $C_{3v}$ symmetry qutrit spin-1 centers
• Laser-written waveguide-integrated coherent spins in diamond
• Controllable quantum spin glasses with magnetic impurities embedded in quantum solids
• Nuclear Spin Metrology with Nitrogen Vacancy Center in Diamond for Axion Dark Matter Detection
• Impact of helium ion implantation dose and annealing on dense near-surface layers of NV centers
• Effect of phonons on the electron spin resonance absorption spectrum
• Solid-state platform for cooperative quantum dynamics driven by correlated emission
• Broadband EPR Spectroscopy in Diverse Field Conditions Using Optically Detected Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Dissipatively stabilized quantum sensor based on indirect nuclear-nuclear interactions
• High precision single qubit tuning via thermo-magnetic field control
• Near-zero-field microwave-free magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds
• Single-photon pulse induced giant response in N$>$100 qubit system
• Magnetic Relaxometry of Methemoglobin by Widefield Nitrogen-Vacancy Microscopy
• Qubit guidelines for solid-state spin defects
• Characterizing spin-bath parameters using conventional and time-asymmetric Hahn-echo sequences
• Room temperature relaxometry of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in proximity to $\alpha$-RuCl${}_3$ nanoflakes
• Hybrid paramagnetic-ferromagnetic quantum computer design based on electron spin arrays and a ferromagnetic nanostripe
• Spin-lattice relaxation with non-linear couplings: Comparison between Fermi's golden rule and extended dissipaton equation of motion
• Quantum Defects in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Terahertz Technologies
• Nanoscale engineering and dynamical stabilization of mesoscopic spin textures
• Magnon Condensation in a Dense Nitrogen-Vacancy Spin Ensemble
• Quantum relaxometry for detecting biomolecular interactions with single NV centers
• First-principles computational methods for quantum defects in two-dimensional materials: A perspective
• Role of Oxygen in Laser Induced Contamination at Diamond-Vacuum Interfaces
• Sensing single molecule magnets with nitrogen vacancy centers
• Polarizing electron spins with a superconducting flux qubit
• Spin-lattice relaxation of NV centers in nanodiamonds adsorbed on conducting and non-conducting surfaces
• A Superradiant Maser with Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Spins
• Exploring the Spin Dynamics of a Room-Temperature Diamond Maser using an Extended rate Equation Model
• Macroscopic quantum superposition of spin ensembles with ultra-long coherence times via superradiant masing
• Hearing the light: stray-field noise from the emergent photon in quantum spin ice
• Nuclear Spin-Mediated Relaxation Mechanisms of the V${}_B^{-}$ Center in hBN
• Spin transport in a normal meta-altermagnetic superconducting nanowire junction
• Engineering Nanodiamonds for Quantum Sensing: Material Constraints at the Nanoscale
• All-Optical Photoluminescence Response of Nitrogen-Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond at Low Magnetic Fields
• Spin-Relaxation of Dipolar-Coupled Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers : The role of Double-flip Processes
• Sensing with near-infrared laser trapped fluorescent nanodiamonds
• Probing the fluctuating magnetic field of Fe-triazole spin-crossover thin-layers with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Towards quantum error correction with two-body gates for quantum registers based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Sharp reversals of steady-state nuclear polarisation as a tool for quantum sensing
• Quantum Zeno effect in a nitrogen-vacancy center embedded in a spin bath
• A method for robust spin relaxometry in the presence of imperfect state preparation