Spin ensemble-based AC magnetometry using concatenated dynamical decoupling at low temperatures

Abstract

Ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are widely used as AC magnetometers. While such measurements are usually performed using standard (XY) dynamical decoupling (DD) protocols at room temperature, we study the sensitivities achieved by utilizing various DD protocols, for measuring magnetic AC fields at frequencies in the 10-250 kHz range, at room temperature and 77 K. By performing measurements on an isotopically pure ${}^{12}$C sample, we find that the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) protocol, which is not robust against pulse imperfections, is less efficient for magnetometry than robust XY-based sequences. The concatenation of a standard XY-based protocol may enhance the sensitivities only for measuring high-frequency fields, for which many ($>500$) DD pulses are necessary and the robustness against pulse imperfections is critical. Moreover, we show that cooling is effective only for measuring low-frequency fields (~10 kHz), for which the experiment time apporaches $T_1$ at a small number of applied DD pulses.

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• High Frequency Magnetometry with an Ensemble of Spin Qubits in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Optical and spin-coherence properties of rubidium atoms trapped in solid neon
• Hamiltonian engineering of general two-body spin-1/2 interactions
• Characterizing spin-bath parameters using conventional and time-asymmetric Hahn-echo sequences
• Quantum sensing of time-dependent magnetic signals with molecular spins