Optimal control of fast and high-fidelity quantum gates with electron and nuclear spins of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

Abstract

A negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been recognized as a good solid-state qubit. A system consisting of the electronic spin of the NV center and hyperfine-coupled nitrogen and additionally nearby carbon nuclear spins can form a quantum register of several qubits for quantum information processing or as a node in a quantum repeater. Several impressive experiments on the hybrid electron and nuclear spin register have been reported, but fidelities achieved so far are not yet at or below the thresholds required for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC). Using quantum optimal control theory based on the Krotov method, we show here that fast and high-fidelity single-qubit and two-qubit gates in the universal quantum gate set for FTQC, taking into account the effects of the leakage state, nearby noise qubits and distant bath spins, can be achieved with errors less than those required by the threshold theorem of FTQC.

arXiv comment12 pages,6 figures; Accepted by Phys. Rev. A. Some typos in References corrected and Ref.[88] updated

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• Gradient-based optimal control of open quantum systems using quantum trajectories and automatic differentiation
• Partial Compilation of Variational Algorithms for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Machines
• Characterization of hyperfine interaction between an NV electron spin and a first-shell 13C nuclear spin in diamond
• Robust quantum gates for stochastic time-varying noise
• Efficient entanglement of spin qubits mediated by a hot mechanical oscillator
• Approximate Dynamics Lead to More Optimal Control: Efficient Exact Derivatives
• High Fidelity Control of a Nitrogen-Vacancy Spin Qubit at Room Temperature using the SMART Protocol
• Robust and optimal control of open quantum systems
• Preserving Entanglement in a Solid-Spin System Using Quantum Autoencoders
• Optimal control of large quantum systems: assessing memory and runtime performance of GRAPE
• Roadmap for Rare-earth Quantum Computing
• Monte Carlo approach for finding optimally controlled quantum gates with differential geometry
• Exact solutions for the time-evolution of quantum spin systems under arbitrary waveforms using algebraic graph theory