Control of quantum phenomena: Past, present, and future

Abstract

Quantum control is concerned with active manipulation of physical and chemical processes on the atomic and molecular scale. This work presents a perspective of progress in the field of control over quantum phenomena, tracing the evolution of theoretical concepts and experimental methods from early developments to the most recent advances. The current experimental successes would be impossible without the development of intense femtosecond laser sources and pulse shapers. The two most critical theoretical insights were (1) realizing that ultrafast atomic and molecular dynamics can be controlled via manipulation of quantum interferences and (2) understanding that optimally shaped ultrafast laser pulses are the most effective means for producing the desired quantum interference patterns in the controlled system. Finally, these theoretical and experimental advances were brought together by the crucial concept of adaptive feedback control, which is a laboratory procedure employing measurement-driven, closed-loop optimization to identify the best shapes of femtosecond laser control pulses for steering quantum dynamics towards the desired objective. Optimization in adaptive feedback control experiments is guided by a learning algorithm, with stochastic methods proving to be especially effective. Adaptive feedback control of quantum phenomena has found numerous applications in many areas of the physical and chemical sciences, and this paper reviews the extensive experiments. Other subjects discussed include quantum optimal control theory, quantum control landscapes, the role of theoretical control designs in experimental realizations, and real-time quantum feedback control. The paper concludes with a prospective of open research directions that are likely to attract significant attention in the future.

Review article, final version (significantly updated), 76 pages, accepted for publication in New J. Phys. (Focus issue: Quantum control)

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• Simultaneous control of populations and coherence phase of open two-level quantum systems with a single pulse
• Coherent dynamical control of quantum processes
• Swinging small quantum systems out of available values of control parameters
• Enhancement of superconducting pairing via quantum Lyapunov control
• Application of the Small Tip-Angle approximation in the Toggling Frame for the design of analytic robust pulses in Quantum Control
• Spin amplification in realistic systems
• Optimization of conveyance of quantum particles by moving potential well
• Pulse engineering via projection of response functions
• Optimal control for manipulating vibrational wave packets through polarizability interactions induced by non-resonant laser pulses
• Globally optimal control of quantum dynamics
• Preparation of Many-body Ground States by Time Evolution with Variational Microscopic Magnetic Fields and Incomplete Interactions
• Optimal transfer of entanglement in oscillator chains in non-Markovian open systems
• Diverse efficiency of observable optimization for four-level quantum systems with higher-order traps