GRAPE optimization for open quantum systems with time-dependent decoherence rates driven by coherent and incoherent controls

Abstract

The GRadient Ascent Pulse Engineering (GRAPE) method is widely used for optimization in quantum control. GRAPE is gradient search method based on exact expressions for gradient of the control objective. It has been applied to coherently controlled closed and open quantum systems. In this work, we adopt GRAPE method for optimizing objective functionals for open quantum systems driven by both coherent and incoherent controls. In our case, the tailored or engineered environment acts on the system as control via it time-dependent decoherence rates ${\gamma }_k(t)$ or, equivalently, via it spectral density of the environment $n_{\omega }(t)$. To develop GRAPE approach for this problem, we compute gradient of various objectives for general N-level open quantum systems both for piecewise class of control. The case of a single qubit is considered in details and solved analytically. For this case, an explicit analytical expression for evolution and objective gradient is obtained via diagonalization of a $3\times 3$ matrix determining the system's dynamics in the Bloch ball. The diagonalization is obtained by solving a cubic equation via Cardano's method. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated through numerical simulations for the state-to-state transition problem and its complexity is estimated.

This is the version of the article before peer review or editing, as submitted by an author to Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, with some minor changes. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ace13f

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• Incoherent GRAPE (inGRAPE) for optimization of quantum systems with environmentally assisted control
• Quantum control by the environment: Turing uncomputability, Optimization over Stiefel manifolds, Reachable sets, and Incoherent GRAPE