paper

Quantum channels, complex Stiefel manifolds, and optimization

arXiv:2408.09820 · doi:10.1007/s11128-025-04782-x

Abstract

Most general dynamics of an open quantum system is commonly represented by a quantum channel, which is a completely positive trace-preserving map (CPTP or Kraus map). Well-known representations of quantum channels are described by Choi matrices and by Kraus operator-sum representation (OSR). As was shown before, one can use Kraus OSR to parameterize quantum channels by points of a suitable quotient of some complex Stiefel manifold by the action of the unitary group. In this work, we establish a homeomorphism between the topological space of quantum channels and the quotient of the complex Stiefel manifold. This homeomorphism can be applied to various quantum optimization problems. As an example, we apply it to the analysis of extrema points for a wide variety of quantum control objective functionals defined on the complex Stiefel manifolds, including mean value, generation of quantum gates, thermodynamic quantities involving entropy, etc. Finally, a metric on the space of quantum channels induced by the Riemannian metric on the Stiefel manifold is defined, and we show that it is a generalization of the Bures angle between density matrices.

23 pages. The published version having a clarified presentation and an expanded Stiefel-induced metric part showing the Bures-angle generalization

References in corpus (30)