Gyroscopes based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Abstract

We propose solid-state gyroscopes based on ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy ($\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{-}$) centers in diamond. In one scheme, rotation of the nitrogen-vacancy symmetry axis will induce Berry phase shifts in the $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{-}$ electronic ground-state coherences proportional to the solid angle subtended by the symmetry axis. We estimate sensitivity in the range of $5\times 10^{-3}rad/s/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ in a 1 $\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{m}}^3$ sensor volume using a simple Ramsey sequence. Incorporating dynamical decoupling to suppress dipolar relaxation may yield sensitivity at the level of $10^{-5}rad/s/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$. With a modified Ramsey scheme, Berry phase shifts in the ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ hyperfine sublevels would be employed. The projected sensitivity is in the range of $10^{-5}rad/s/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, however the smaller gyromagnetic ratio reduces sensitivity to magnetic-field noise by several orders of magnitude. Reaching $10^{-5}rad/s/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ would represent an order of magnitude improvement over other compact, solid-state gyroscope technologies.

3 figures, 5 pages

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