NV center based nano-NMR enhanced by deep learning

Abstract

The growing field of nano nuclear magnetic resonance (nano-NMR) seeks to estimate spectra or discriminate between spectra of minuscule amounts of complex molecules. While this field holds great promise, nano-NMR experiments suffer from detrimental inherent noise. This strong noise masks to the weak signal and results in a very low signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, the noise model is usually complex and unknown, which renders the data processing of the measurement results very complicated. Hence, spectra discrimination is hard to achieve and in particular, it is difficult to reach the optimal discrimination. In this work we present strong indications that this difficulty can be overcome by deep learning (DL) algorithms. The DL algorithms can mitigate the adversarial effects of the noise efficiently by effectively learning the noise model. We show that in the case of frequency discrimination DL algorithms reach the optimal discrimination without having any pre-knowledge of the physical model. Moreover, the DL discrimination scheme outperform Bayesian methods when verified on noisy experimental data obtained by a single Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center. In the case of frequency resolution we show that this approach outperforms Bayesian methods even when the latter have full pre-knowledge of the noise model and the former has none. These DL algorithms also emerge as much more efficient in terms of computational resources and run times. Since in many real-world scenarios the noise is complex and difficult to model, we argue that DL is likely to become a dominant tool in the field.

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• Quantum sensing with arbitrary frequency resolution
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Cited by in corpus (13)

• Learning models of quantum systems from experiments
• Deep learning enhanced individual nuclear-spin detection
• Parallel detection and spatial mapping of large nuclear spin clusters
• Deep learning enhanced noise spectroscopy of a spin qubit environment
• Frequentist Parameter Estimation with Supervised Learning
• Optimal Sensing Protocol for Statistically Polarized Nano-NMR with NV Centers
• Quantum precision limits of displacement noise free interferometers
• Noise prediction and reduction of single electron spin by deep-learning-enhanced feedforward control
• Deep Neural Networks to Recover Unknown Physical Parameters from Oscillating Time Series
• Quantum neural networks with multi-qubit potentials
• Quadrupolar resonance spectroscopy of individual nuclei using a room-temperature quantum sensor
• Heisenberg-limited Bayesian phase estimation with low-depth digital quantum circuits
• Enhanced sensitivity in microscale high-field NMR via nuclear-spin locking with NV centers