NV-Diamond Magnetic Microscopy using a Double Quantum 4-Ramsey Protocol

Abstract

We introduce a double quantum (DQ) 4-Ramsey measurement protocol that enables wide-field magnetic imaging using nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, with enhanced homogeneity of the magnetic sensitivity relative to conventional single quantum (SQ) techniques. The DQ 4-Ramsey protocol employs microwave-phase alternation across four consecutive Ramsey (4-Ramsey) measurements to isolate the desired DQ magnetic signal from any residual SQ signal induced by microwave pulse errors. In a demonstration experiment employing a 1-$\mu$m-thick NV layer in a macroscopic diamond chip, the DQ 4-Ramsey protocol provides volume-normalized DC magnetic sensitivity of ${\eta }^{\text{V}}=34$nTHz${}^{-1/2}\mu$m${}^{3/2}$ across a $125\mu$m$\times 125\mu$m field of view, with about 5$\times$ less spatial variation in sensitivity across the field of view compared to a SQ measurement. The improved robustness and magnetic sensitivity homogeneity of the DQ 4-Ramsey protocol enable imaging of dynamic, broadband magnetic sources such as integrated circuits and electrically-active cells.

20 pages, 10 figures

References in corpus (8)

• High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution
• Micrometer-scale Magnetic Imaging of Geological Samples Using a Quantum Diamond Microscope
• Realtime magnetic field sensing and imaging using a single spin in diamond
• Multipulse Double-Quantum Magnetometry With Near-Surface Nitrogen Vacancy Centers
• Ultrasensitive magnetic field detection using a single artificial atom
• Magnetic Field Fingerprinting of Integrated Circuit Activity with a Quantum Diamond Microscope
• Directional Detection of Dark Matter using Spectroscopy of Crystal Defects
• Wide-field dynamic magnetic microscopy using double-double quantum driving of a diamond defect ensemble

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• Optically detected magnetic resonance with an open source platform
• Ramsey Envelope Modulation in NV Diamond Magnetometry
• Time-resolved diamond magnetic microscopy of superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles
• Electron-spin double resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond under strong driving field
• Quantum Frequency Mixing using an N-$V$ Diamond Microscope
• Millimetre-scale magnetocardiography of living rats using a solid-state quantum sensor
• Quantum diamond microscopy with optimized magnetic field sensitivity and sub-ms temporal resolution
• Widefield quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: strengths, limitations, and prospects
• Bias-field-free operation of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond for accurate vector magnetometry