Nematic order in iron superconductors - who is in the driver's seat?

Abstract

Although the existence of nematic order in iron-based superconductors is now a well-established experimental fact, its origin remains controversial. Nematic order breaks the discrete lattice rotational symmetry by making the $x$ and $y$ directions in the Fe plane non-equivalent. This can happen because of (i) a tetragonal to orthorhombic structural transition, (ii) a spontaneous breaking of an orbital symmetry, or (iii) a spontaneous development of an Ising-type spin-nematic order - a magnetic state that breaks rotational symmetry but preserves time-reversal symmetry. The Landau theory of phase transitions dictates that the development of one of these orders should immediately induce the other two, making the origin of nematicity a physics realization of a "chicken and egg problem". The three scenarios are, however, quite different from a microscopic perspective. While in the structural scenario lattice vibrations (phonons) play the dominant role, in the other two scenarios electronic correlations are responsible for the nematic order. In this review, we argue that experimental and theoretical evidence strongly points to the electronic rather than phononic mechanism, placing the nematic order in the class of correlation-driven electronic instabilities, like superconductivity and density-wave transitions. We discuss different microscopic models for nematicity in the iron pnictides, and link nematicity to other ordered states of the global phase diagram of these materials -- magnetism and superconductivity. In the magnetic model nematic order pre-empts stripe-type magnetic order, and the same interaction which favors nematicity also gives rise to an unconventional $s^{+-}$ superconductivity. In the charge/orbital model magnetism appears as a secondary effect of ferro-orbital order, and the interaction which favors nematicity gives rise to a conventional $s^{++}$ superconductivity.

10-page review article; a revised version has been accepted for publication in Nature Physics

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• Widespread orthorhombic fluctuations in the (Sr,Na)Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ family of superconductors
• Origin of structural and magnetic transitions in BaFe${}_{2-x}$Ru${}_x$As${}_2$ materials
• Spin anisotropy due to spin-orbit coupling in optimally hole-doped Ba${}_{0.67}$K${}_{0.33}$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Itinerant G-type antiferromagnetic order in SrCr${}_2$As${}_2$
• Charge and nematic orders in AFe${}_2$As${}_2$ (A= Rb,Cs) superconductors
• Single domain stripe order in a high-temperature superconductor
• Second order Zeeman interaction and ferroquadrupolar order in TmVO${}_4$
• Lattice-Shifted Nematic Quantum Critical Point in FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$
• Dynamical mean-field study of Vanadium diselenide monolayer ferromagnetism
• Frustrated structural instability in superconducting quasi-one-dimensional K${}_2$Cr${}_3$As${}_3$
• Using Nonequilibrium Dynamics to Probe Competing Orders in a Mott-Peierls System
• Effect of magnetism on lattice dynamics in SrFe${}_2$As${}_2$ as seen via high resolution inelastic x-ray scattering
• Bounds on Nanoscale Nematicity in Single-Layer FeSe/SrTiO${}_3$
• Mutual independence of critical temperature and superfluid density under pressure in optimally electron-doped superconducting LaFeAsO${}_{1-x}$F${}_x$
• Soft phonons reveal the nematic correlation length in Ba(Fe${}_{0.94}$Co${}_{0.06}$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• NMR study of nematic spin fluctuations in a detwinned single crystal of underdoped Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Collective modes near a Pomeranchuk instability
• Machine Learning Microscopic Form of Nematic Order in twisted double-bilayer graphene
• Visualization of local magnetic moments emerging from impurities in the Hund's metal states of FeSe
• Robust block magnetism in the spin ladder compound BaFe${}_2$Se${}_3$ under hydrostatic pressure
• Enhanced Grüneisen Parameter in Supercooled Water
• Displacement and annihilation of Dirac gap-nodes in d-wave iron-based superconductors
• Presence of magnetic excitations in SmFeAsO
• Superconducting properties and pseudogap from preformed Cooper pairs in the triclinic (CaFe${}_{1-x}$Pt${}_x$As)${}_{10}$Pt${}_3$As${}_8$
• Enhanced superconducting transition temperature in hyper-interlayer-expanded FeSe despite the suppressed electronic nematic order and spin fluctuations
• Spin and quadrupolar orders in the spin-1 bilinear-biquadratic model for iron-based superconductors
• Raman response in the nematic phase of FeSe
• In-plane uniaxial pressure-induced out-of-plane antiferromagnetic moment and critical fluctuations in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Elastoresistance measurements on CaKFe${}_4$As${}_4$ and KCa${}_2$Fe${}_4$As${}_4$F${}_2$ with the Fe site of $C_{2v}$ symmetry
• Slow dynamics of disordered zigzag chain molecules in layered LiVS2 under electron irradiation
• Experimental Evidences for Static Charge Density Waves in Iron Oxy-pnictides
• Orbital-selective spin waves in detwinned NaFeAs
• Thermal evolution of antiferromagnetic correlations and tetrahedral bond angles in superconducting FeTe${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$
• Intertwined spin-orbital coupled orders in the iron-based superconductors
• Correlated electronic structure, orbital-dependent correlations, and Lifshitz transition in tetragonal FeS
• Close correlation between superconducting transition temperatures and carrier densities in Te- and S-substituted FeSe thin films
• Spin excitations and the Fermi surface of superconducting FeS
• Order parameter fluctuation and ordering competition in $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{1-\mathrm{x}}{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_2\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{s}}_2$
• Magnetic phase transitions in Eu(Co,Ni)2As2 single crystals
• Moving frames and compatibility conditions for three-dimensional director fields
• Magnetic phase diagram of the iron pnictides in the presence of spin-orbit coupling: Frustration between $C_2$ and $C_4$ magnetic phases
• Competing spin density wave, collinear, and helical magnetism in Fe1+xTe
• Magnetic and nematic orders of the 2DEG at oxide (111) surfaces and interfaces
• Iron-based superconductors: tales from the nuclei
• Influence of disorder on the signature of pseudogap and multigap superconducting behavior in FeSe
• Reemergeing electronic nematicity in heavily hole-doped Fe-based superconductors
• High-pressure effects on isotropic superconductivity in the iron-free layered pnictide superconductor BaPd2As2
• Energy scale of nematic ordering in the parent iron-based superconductor:BaFe2As2
• Nematic Ising superconductivity with hidden magnetism in few-layer 6R-TaS2
• Hund's metal crossover and superconductivity in the 111 family of iron-based superconductors
• Synthesis, phase stability, structural and physical properties of 11-type iron chalcogenides
• Muon spin rotation and infrared spectroscopy study of magnetism and superconductivity in Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Coexistence of Nematic Order and Superconductivity in the Hubbard Model
• Inter-orbital nematicity and the origin of a single electron Fermi pocket in FeSe
• Spin fluctuation anisotropy as a probe of orbital-selective hole-electron quasiparticle excitations in detwinned Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2
• Electronic Nematicity Revealed by Torque Magnetometry in Iron Arsenide EuFe${}_2$(As${}_{1-x}$P${}_x$)${}_2$
• Effect of weak disorder on the phase competition in iron pnictides
• Collective magnetic excitations of $C_4$ symmetric magnetic states in iron-based superconductors
• Dominant in-plane symmetric elastoresistance in CsFe2As2
• Anomalous Composition-Induced Crossover in the Magnetic Properties of the Itinerant-Electron Antiferromagnet Ca{1-x}Sr{x}Co{2-y}As{2}
• Ingredients for Generalized Models of $\kappa$-Phase Organic Charge-Transfer Salts: A Review
• Enhanced nematic fluctuations near an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator and possible application to high-$T_c$ cuprates
• FeSe and the missing electron pocket problem
• Frustrated Magnetism from Local Moments in FeSe
• Origin of doping-induced suppression and reemergence of magnetism in LaFeAsO${}_{1-x}$H${}_x$
• Intertwined magnetic and nematic orders in semiconducting KFe${}_{0.8}$Ag${}_{1.2}$Te${}_2$
• Failed excitonic quantum phase transition in Ta${}_2$Ni(Se${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$)${}_5$
• Anisotropic nematic fluctuations above the ferroquadrupolar transition in TmVO${}_4$
• Band structure reconstruction across nematic order in high quality FeSe single crystal as revealed by optical spectroscopy study
• Pressure induced Lifshitz transition in ThFeAsN
• Electronic structures of doped BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ materials: virtual crystal approximation versus super-cell approach
• Orientational order parameters for arbitrary quantum systems
• Spin excitation anisotropy in optimal-isovalent-doped superconductor BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2
• Electric field gradient wave (EFGW) in iron-based superconductor Ba(0.6)K(0.4)Fe2As2 studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy
• Unconventional electronic order in a codoped high-Tc superconductor
• Twisted-bilayer FeSe and the Fe-based superlattices
• Restoration of tetragonal $C_4$ symmetry coexistent with filamentary superconductivity in the pressure induced intermediate phase in the iron-based superconductor Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Competing Electronic Phases near the Onset of Superconductivity in Hole-doped SrFe2As2
• Pressure dependence of coherence-incoherence crossover behavior in KFe2As2 observed by resistivity and 75As-NMR/NQR
• Towards exact solutions for the superconducting $T_c$ induced by electron-phonon interaction
• Momentum-resolved measurement of electronic nematic susceptibility in the FeSe${}_{0.9}$S${}_{0.1}$ superconductor
• Nematic Fluctuations and Phase Transitions in LaFeAsO: a Raman Scattering Study
• Diverging Nematic Susceptibility, Physical Meaning of T* scale, and Pseudogap in the Spin Fermion Model for Pnictides
• Flatband-Induced Itinerant Ferromagnetism in RbCo${}_2$Se${}_2$
• Orbital superconductivity, defects and pinned nematic fluctuations in the doped iron chalcogenide FeSe${}_{0.45}$Te${}_{0.55}$
• Dynamic spin-lattice coupling and nematic fluctuations in NaFeAs
• Hall effect and symmetry breaking in non-magnetic metal with dynamic charge stripes
• Valley-polarized nematic order in twisted moiré systems: In-plane orbital magnetism and non-Fermi liquid to Fermi liquid crossover
• A theory of criticality for quantum ferroelectric metals
• DC resistivity near a nematic quantum critical point: Effects of weak disorder and acoustic phonons
• Three superconducting phases with different categories of pairing in hole- and electron-doped LaFeAs${}_{1-x}$P${}_x$O
• Prethermal nematic order and staircase heating in a driven frustrated Ising magnet with dipolar interactions
• Symmetry-mixed bound-state order: extended degeneracy of $(d+ig)$-superconductivity in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_2\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_4$
• Low frequency Raman response near Ising-nematic quantum critical point: a memory matrix approach
• Controlling competing orders via non-equilibrium acoustic phonons: emergence of anisotropic electronic temperature
• Disentangling superconducting and magnetic orders in NaFe_1-xNi_xAs using muon spin rotation
• Raman resonance in iron-based superconductors: The magnetic scenario
• Large nematic susceptibility in the double-Q $C_4$ magnetic phase of Ba${}_{1-x}$Na${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Pressure-induced reconstitution of Fermi surfaces and spin fluctuations in S-substituted FeSe
• Ising-nematic order in the bilinear-biquadratic model for the iron pnictides
• Optical observation of spin-density-wave fluctuations in Ba122 iron-based superconductors
• Probing the direct factor for superconductivity in FeSe-Based Superconductors by Raman Scattering
• ${}^{77}$Se-NMR Study under Pressure on 12%-S Doped FeSe
• Muon spin rotation and infrared spectroscopy study of $B{a}_{1-x}N{a}_{x}F{e}_{2}A{s}_2$
• Importance of Fermi Surface Topology for In-Plane Resistivity Anisotropy in Hole- and Electron-Doped Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$TM${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$ (TM=Cr, Mn and Co)
• Dynamical susceptibility of a near-critical non-conserved order parameter and B2g Raman response in Fe-based superconductors
• Jahn-Teller induced nematic orbital order in tetragonal Sr${}_2$VO${}_4$
• Pressure-induced superconductivity in palladium sulfide
• Weak-coupling superconductivity in a strongly correlated iron pnictide
• Fluctuations and pairing in Fe-based superconductors: Light scattering experiments
• Density Matrix Renormalization Group Study of Nematicity in Two Dimensions: Application to a Spin-$1$ Bilinear-Biquadratic Model on the Square Lattice
• Structure of the pairing gap from orbital nematic fluctuations
• Nematicity of correlated systems driven by anisotropic chemical phase separation
• Structural-transition-induced quasi two-dimensional Fermi surface in FeSe
• Pure nematic state in iron-based superconductor
• Origin of the DC and AC conductivity anisotropy in iron-based superconductors: scattering rate versus spectral weight effects
• Evolution of Structure and Superconductivity in Ba(Ni${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Scanning tunneling spectroscopy as a probe of multi-Q magnetic states of itinerant magnets
• Nematic magnetoelastic effect contrasted between Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$ and FeSe
• Spatial competition of the ground states in 1111 iron pnictides
• Comprehensive study of out-of-plane transport properties in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$: Three-dimensional electronic state and effect of chemical substitution
• Interplay between nematicity and Bardasis-Schrieffer modes in the short-time dynamics of unconventional superconductors
• Nematicity-enhanced superconductivity in systems with a non-Fermi liquid behavior
• Anisotropic quasiparticle coherence in nematic BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ studied with strain-dependent ARPES
• Simultaneous Vanishing of the Nematic Electronic State and the Structural Orthorhombicity in NaFe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$As Single Crystals
• Antagonistic in-plane resistivity anisotropies from competing fluctuations in underdoped cuprates
• Thermodynamic electric quadrupole moments of nematic phases from first-principles calculation
• Orbital Nematic Order and Interplay with Magnetism in the Two-Orbital Hubbard Model
• Anomalous contribution to the nematic electronic states from the structural transition in FeSe revealed by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• High-energy magnetic excitations from heavy quasiparticles in CeCu${}_2$Si${}_2$
• Unconventional localization of electrons inside of a nematic electronic phase
• Preferred magnetic excitations in Sr${}_{1-x}$Na${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Field-induced multiple metal-insulator crossovers of correlated Dirac electrons of perovskite CaIrO${}_3$
• Nematicity and magnetism in LaFeAsO single crystals probed by ${}^{75}$As nuclear magnetic resonance
• Orbital loop currents in iron-based superconductors
• Relationships between Superconductivity and Nematicity in FeSe${}_{1-x}$Te${}_x$ ($x=0-0.5$) Films Studied by Complex Conductivity Measurements
• Possible Bicollinear Nematic State with Monoclinic Lattice Distortions in Iron Telluride Compounds
• Nematic state of the FeSe superconductor
• Specific heat of CeRhIn${}_5$ in high magnetic fields: Magnetic phase diagram revisited
• Impact of ordering competition on the global phase diagram of iron pnictides
• Observation of orbital ordering and origin of the nematic order in FeSe
• Persistence of slow fluctuations in the overdoped regime of Ba(Fe1-xRhx)2As2 superconductors
• Spin excitation anisotropy in the paramagnetic tetragonal phase of BaFe2 As2
• Nematic quantum liquid crystals of bosons in frustrated lattices
• Charting the landscape of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superconductors in experimentally known compounds
• Quadrupolar charge dynamics in the nonmagnetic FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$ superconductors
• Tomonaga Luttinger liquid in the topological edge channel of multilayer FeSe
• Possible quantum nematic in a colossal magnetoresistance material
• Competition of Pairing and Nematicity in the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
• Imitation of spin density wave order in Cu${}_3$Nb${}_2$O${}_8$
• Anomalous spectral weight transfer in the nematic state of iron-selenide superconductor
• Infrared probe of the gap evolution across the phase diagram of Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Strain-tuned quantum criticality in electronic Potts-nematic systems
• Tuning a random field mechanism in a frustrated magnet
• Classification of electronic nematicity in three-dimensional crystals and quasicrystals
• Electronic structure, lattice dynamics and magnetism of new ThXAsN (X=Fe,Co,Ni) superconductors: A First Principles Study
• Local breaking of four-fold rotational symmetry by short-range magnetic order in heavily overdoped Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Cu${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Slow magnetic fluctuations and superconductivity in fluorine-doped NdFeAsO
• Preliminary Tc calculations for iron-based superconductivity in NaFeAs, LiFeAs, FeSe and nanostructured FeSe/SrTiO3 Superconductors
• Theoretical insights into electronic nematic order, bond-charge orders, and plasmons in cuprate superconductors
• Driving force of the orbital-relevant electronic nematicity in Fe-based superconductors
• Disentangling charge and structural contributions during coherent atomic motions studied by ultrafast resonant x-ray diffraction
• Fermi surface, pressure-induced antiferromagnetic order, and superconductivity in FeSe
• Nematic spin correlations pervading the phase diagram of FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$
• A unified phase diagram of F-doped LaFeAsO by means of NMR and NQR parameters
• Role of Sn impurity on electronic topological transitions in 122 Fe-based superconductors
• Isotropic Quenched Disorder Triggers a Robust Nematic State in Electron-Doped Pnictides
• Orbital-selective coherence-incoherence crossover and metal-insulator transition in Cu-doped NaFeAs
• Discovery of Orbital Ordering in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
• Inhomogeneous superconductivity in LuxZr1-xB12 dodecaborides with dynamic charge stripes
• Two-dimensional Fermi liquid dynamics with density and quadrupolar interactions
• Scaling of the Fano effect of the in-plane Fe-As phonon and the superconducting critical temperature in Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Strain-derivative of thermoelectric properties: a sensitive probe for nematicity
• Superconductivity and fluctuation in Ba${}_{1-p}$K${}_p$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ and Ba(Fe${}_{1-n}$Co${}_n$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Evidence for Quantum Stripe Ordering in a Triangular Optical Lattice
• Soft elastic constants from phonon spectroscopy in hole-doped Ba${}_{1-x}$(K,Na)${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ and Sr${}_{1-x}Na$_x$Fe$_2$As$_2$
• Structural phase diagram of LaO1-xFxBiSSe: suppression of the structural phase transition by partial F substitutions
• Elementary excitation in the spin-stripe phase in quantum chains
• Nematic Fluctuations in an Orbital Selective Superconductor Fe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$
• Superconductivity and multiple pressure-induced phases in BaPt${}_2$As${}_2$
• Interrelationships between nematicity, antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and superconductivity: Role of hotspots in FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$ revealed by high pressure ${}^{77}$Se NMR study
• Anomalous magneto-elastic coupling in Au-doped BaFe2As2
• Checkerboard order state in superconducting FeSe/SrTiO3(001) monolayer
• Multi-band effects in in-plane resistivity anisotropy of strain-detwinned disordered Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Ru${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Potential Lifshitz transition at optimal substitution in nematic pnictide Ba${}_{1-x}$Sr${}_x$Ni${}_2$As${}_2$
• Role of Fermi surface for the pressure-tuned nematic transition in the BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ family
• Correlation-driven electronic nematicity in the Dirac semimetal BaNiS2
• Spectroscopic evidence of nematic fluctuations in LiFeAs
• Suppression of Superconductivity and Nematic Order in Fe${}_{1-y}$Se${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$ (0$\le$$x$$\le$1, $y$$\le$0.1) Crystals by Anion Height Disorder
• Tuning the interplay between nematicity and spin fluctuations in Na${}_{1-x}$Li${}_x$FeAs superconductors
• Quasiparticle scattering interference in iron pnictides: A probe of the origin of nematicity
• Colossal transverse magnetoresistance due to nematic superconducting phase fluctuations in a copper oxide
• Nature of the Antiferromagnetic and Nematic Transitions in Sr${}_{1-x}$Ba${}_x$Fe${}_{1.97}$Ni${}_{0.03}$As${}_2$
• Tuning the magnetic and structural phase transitions of PrFeAsO via Fe/Ru spin dilution
• Raman scattering study of tetragonal magnetic phase in Sr${}_{1-x}$Na${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$: structural symmetry and electronic gap
• Applications for ultimate spatial resolution in LASER based $\mu$-ARPES: A FeSe case study
• Nodal superconductivity coexists with low-moment static magnetism in single-crystalline tetragonal FeS: A muon spin relaxation and rotation study
• Nematic state stabilized by off-site Coulomb interaction in iron-based superconductors
• Abundant quadrupolar or nematic phases driven by the Heisenberg interactions in a spin-1 dimer system forming a bilayer
• Cooper quartets in interacting hybrid superconducting systems
• Smeared nematic quantum phase transitions due to rare-region effects in inhomogeneous systems
• Revisiting the phase diagram of LaFe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$AsO on single crystals by thermodynamic methods
• Study of antiferromagnetic and nematic phase transitions in $BaF{e}_2(A{s}_{1-x}{P}_x{)}_2$ by AC micro-calorimetry and SQUID magnetometry
• Isostructural spin-density-wave and superconducting gap anisotropies in iron-arsenide superconductors
• Quasi-one Dimensional Nanostructures as Sign of Nematicity in Iron Pnictides and Chalcogenides
• Nonlinear uniaxial pressure dependence of $T_c$ in iron-based superconductors
• Electronic nematic phase transition in the presence of anisotropy
• Strong enhancement of magnetic order from bulk to stretched monolayer FeSe as Hund's metals
• Suppression of superconductivity by spin fluctuations in iron-based superconductors
• Nematicity in LaFeAsO${}_{1-x}$F${}_x$
• The Hidden Nematic Fluctuations in the Triclinic (Ca0.85La0.15)10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 Superconductor Revealed by Ultrafast Optical Spectroscopy
• Nematicity, magnetic fluctuation and ferro-spin-orbital ordering in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ family
• Anisotropy of the DC conductivity due to orbital-selective spin fluctuations in the nematic phase of iron superconductors
• Real-space Observation of Unidirectional Charge Density Wave and Complex Structural Modulation in the Pnictide Superconductor Ba${}_{1-x}$Sr${}_x$Ni${}_2$As${}_2$
• Disorder-Induced Electronic Nematicity
• Direct observation of spin excitation anisotropy in the paramagnetic orthorhombic state of BaFe${}_{2-x}$Ni${}_x$As${}_2$
• Itinerant scenario for Fe-pnictides: comparison with quantum Monte Carlo
• Local Structure of Mott Insulating Iron Oxychalcogenides La${}_2$O${}_2$Fe${}_2$O$M$${}_2$ ($M$ = S, Se)
• Emergent ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry near a CDW multicritical point
• Orbital Selective Directional Conductor in the Two Orbital Hubbard Model
• Impact of the first order antiferromagnetic phase transition on the paramagnetic spin excitations and nematic phase of SrFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Spin correlation in trigonal EuMn${}_2$As${}_2$
• Electronic origin of structural transition in 122 Fe based superconductors
• Laser-induced coherent control of an electronic nematic quantum phase transition
• Ubiquitous stripe phase and enhanced electron pairing in interfacial high-Tc superconductor FeSe/BaTiO${}_3$
• Magneto-elastic coupling in Fe-based superconductors
• Unexpected Enhancement of Three-Dimensional Low-Energy Spin Correlations in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Fe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$ System at High Temperature
• FeAs${}_2$ formation and electronic nematic ordering: Analysis in terms of structural transformations
• Putative hybridization gap in CaMn${}_2$Bi${}_2$ under applied pressure
• Pairing gaps near ferromagnetic quantum critical points
• Random-strain-induced correlations in materials with intertwined nematic and magnetic orders
• Observation of a C-type short range antiferromagnetic order in expanded FeS
• Revealing the hidden order in BaTi2As2O via nuclear magnetic resonance
• Resurgence of superconductivity and the role of $d_{xy}$ hole band in FeSe${}_{1-x}$Te${}_x$
• Vibrational anomalies in AFe${}_2$As${}_2$ (A$=$Ca, Sr, and Ba) single crystals
• Unconventional non-Fermi liquid state caused by nematic criticality in cuprates
• Identifying the dominant pairing interaction in high-$T_c$ FeSe superconductors through Leggett modes
• Structural Phase Transition, Antiferromagnetism and Two Superconducting Domes in LaFeAsO${}_{1-x}$F${}_x$ (0 $<x\le$ 0.75)
• Nematic spectral signatures of the Hund's metal
• Anomalous magneto-elastic and charge doping effects in thallium-doped BaFe2As2
• Anomalous coupling between magnetic and nematic orders in quantum Hall systems
• Long-range Ising spins models emerging from frustrated Josephson junctions arrays with topological constraints
• Variation of shear moduli across superconducting phase transitions
• Nematic fluctuations in the non-superconducting iron pnictide BaFe${}_{1.9-x}$Ni${}_{0.1}$Cr${}_x$As${}_2$
• Manipulating the nematic director by magnetic fields in the spin-triplet superconducting state of CuxBi2Se3
• Superconductivity on the verge of electronic topological transition in Fe based superconductors
• Possible coexistence of double-Q magnetic order and chequerboard charge order in the re-entrant tetragonal phase of Ba0.76K0.24Fe2As2
• Superconductivity by transition metal doping in Ca${}_{10}$(Fe${}_{1-x}$M${}_x$As)${}_{10}$(Pt${}_3$As${}_8$) (M = Co, Ni, Cu)
• Stronger quantum fluctuation with larger spins: Emergent magnetism in the pressurized high-temperature superconductor FeSe
• Measurements of elastoresistance under pressure by combining in-situ tunable quasi-uniaxial stress with hydrostatic pressure
• Incommensurate magnetic states induced by ordering competition in $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{1-\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_2\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{s}}_2$
• Charge-density-wave quantum critical point under pressure in 2$H$-TaSe${}_2$
• High-order van Hove singularities and nematic instability in the kagome superconductor CsTi${}_3$Bi${}_5$
• Transfer learning from Hermitian to non-Hermitian quantum many-body physics
• Electron pairing with gapless excitations in mixed double layers
• Defect-induced electronic smectic state at the surface of nematic materials
• Stripe order, impurities, and symmetry breaking in a diluted frustrated magnet
• Common ($\pi$,$\pi$) Band Folding and Surface Reconstruction in FeAs-Based Superconductors
• Orbital order from the on-site orbital attraction
• Theories for charge-driven nematicity in kagome metals
• Probing Fermi liquid exceptional points through AC conductivity
• Orbital order in a bosonic $p$-band triangular lattice
• Interplay between Magnetic and Vestigial Nematic Orders in the Layered $J_1$-$J_2$ Classical Heisenberg Model
• Thermoelectric signature of the nematic phase in iron-based superconductor
• Stability of the coexistent superconducting-nematic phase under the presence of intersite interactions
• Spin-state smectics in spin crossover materials
• Emergence of Elastic Softening Featuring Ultra-Slow Dynamics Around Magnetic Critical Endpoint in UCoAl
• A critical nematic phase with pseudogap-like behavior in twisted bilayers
• Specific heat in strongly hole-doped Iron-based superconductors
• Superconducting gap and nematic resonance at the quantum critical point observed by Raman scattering in $\mathrm{BaF}{\mathrm{e}}_2({\mathrm{As}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{P}}_x{)}_2$
• Nematic response revealed by coherent phonon oscillations in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Structural investigation of the Sm(Fe1-xRux)As(O0.85F0.15) system: a synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study
• Nematic order on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator
• Nematic phase in a two-dimensional Hubbard model at weak coupling and finite temperature
• Mössbauer studies of spin- and charge-modulations in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2
• Elastoresistivity of heavily hole doped 122 iron pnictides superconductors
• Magnetic-field-tuned randomness in inhomogeneous altermagnets
• In the Pursuit of Majorana Modes in Iron-based High-$T_c$ Superconductors
• Influence of orbital nematic order on spin responses in Fe-based superconductors
• Landau theory for magnetic and structural transitions in CeCo${}_{0.85}$Fe${}_{0.15}$Si
• Interplay between Multipolar Order and Multipole-Induced Superconductivity in PrTi${}_2$Al${}_{20}$
• Elastic Quantum Criticality in Nematics and Altermagnets via the Elasto-Caloric Effect
• Combined resistivity and Hall effect study on NaFe${}_{1-x}$Rh${}_x$As single crystals
• Strong electron-phonon coupling in Ba${}_{1-x}$Sr${}_x$Ni${}_2$As${}_2$
• Mapping out the spin fluctuations in Co-doped LaFeAsO single crystals by NMR
• Strain tuning and anisotropic spin correlations in iron-based systems
• c-axis pressure induced antiferromagnetic order in optimally P-doped BaFe2(As0.70P0.30)2 superconductor
• Tracking the nematicity in cuprate superconductors: a resistivity study under uniaxial pressure
• Surface Nematic Order in Iron Pnictides
• Nematic phases and elastoresistivity from a multiorbital non-Fermi liquid
• Superconductivity with Tc=7 K under pressure for Cu-, and Au-doped BaFe2As2
• Superconductivity and phonon self-energy effects in Fe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{0.6}$Se${}_{0.4}$
• Effects of $c/a$ Anisotropy and Local Crystal Structure on Superconductivity in $A\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_2({\mathrm{As}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{P}}_x{)}_2$ ($A$=Ba${}_{1-y}$Sr${}_y$, Sr${}_{1-y}$Ca${}_y$ and Eu)
• Coherence Length of Electronic Nematicity in Iron-Based Superconductors
• Absence of precursor incommensurate charge order in electronic nematic Ba0.35Sr0.65Ni2As2
• The Hund's Superconductor Li(Fe,Co)As
• Phases of frustrated quantum antiferromagnets on the square and triangular lattices
• Nematic single-component superconductivity and loop-current order from pair-density wave instability
• Transient gap generation in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ driven by coherent lattice vibrations
• Charge Order Evolution of Superconducting BaNi2As2 Under High Pressure
• The antiferromagnetic and phonon-mediated model of the NaFeAs, LiFeAs and FeSe superconductors
• Interplay between nematic fluctuation and superconductivity in the two-orbital Hubbard model: A quantum Monte Carlo study
• The driving mechanism of the d-wave orbital order in the iron-based superconductors
• Intertwined superconductivity and orbital selectivity in a three-orbital Hubbard model for the iron pnictides
• Itinerant fermions on a triangular lattice: unconventional magnetism and other ordered states
• Microscopic origin of the nemato-elastic coupling and dynamics of hybridized collective nematic-phonon excitations
• Nematic Fluctuations in Iron-Oxychalcogenide Mott Insulators
• Inverse melting and intertwined orders in PrCuSb${}_2$
• Tuning the structural and antiferromagnetic phase transitions in UCr${}_2$Si${}_2$: hydrostatic pressure and chemical substitution
• Multi-orbital quantum antiferromagnetism in iron pnictides --- effective spin couplings and quantum corrections to sublattice magnetization
• Electronic structure of the quadrupolar ordered heavy-fermion compound YbRu2Ge2 measured by angle-resolved photoemission
• Mn-induced magnetic symmetry breaking and its correlation with the metal-insulator transition in bilayered Sr3(Ru1-xMnx)2O7
• Metallicity of Ca2Cu6P5 with Single and Double Copper-Pnictide Layers
• Persistent Magnetism in Silver-doped BaFe2As2 Crystals
• Phenomenological theory of the superconducting state inside the hidden-order phase of URu${}_2$Si${}_2$
• Quantitative relationship between structural orthorhombicity, shear modulus and heat capacity anomaly of the nematic transition in iron-based superconductors
• Absence of nematic instability in LiFeAs
• Nematic fluctuations mediated superconductivity revealed by anisotropic strain in Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Superconductivity near a nematoelastic quantum critical point
• Suppression of nematicity by tensile strain in multilayer FeSe/SrTiO${}_3$ films
• Phase transition in CaFeAsH: bridging 1111 and 122 iron-based superconductors
• Electronic Phase Propagation Speed in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ Revealed by Dilatometry
• Nanoscale strain manipulation of smectic susceptibility in kagome superconductors
• Studies of superconductivity of Fe chalcogenides in films grown by PLD technique
• Magnetic field-induced momentum-dependent symmetry breaking in a kagome superconductor
• Laser induced $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetry breaking in the fluctuations of electronic fluids
• Multiband effect in elastoresistance of Fe(Se,Te)
• Strain-activated structural anisotropy in BaFe2As2
• Superconducting order parameter structure in the nematic phase of iron-based materials
• In-plane electronic anisotropy revealed by interlayer resistivity measurements on the iron-based superconductor parent compound CaFeAsF
• Elasto-Raman scattering: arsenic optical phonon as a probe of nematicity in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Evidence of unconventional pairing in the quasi two-dimensional CuIr${}_2$Te${}_4$ superconductor
• Absence of nematic ordering transition in a diamond lattice: Application to $FeS{c}_2{S}_4$
• The influence of the structural transition on magnetic fluctuations in NaFeAs
• Evolution of charge dynamics in FeSe${}_{1-x}$Te${}_x$: Effects of electronic correlations and nematicity
• Edwards-Anderson parameter and local Ising-nematicity in FeSe revealed via NMR spectral broadening
• Magnetic excitations in the normal and nematic phases of iron pnictides
• The interactions between antiferromagnetism, tetrahedral sites and electron-phonon coupling in FeSe1-xTex and FeSe/SrTiO3
• The Ba${}_{0.6}$K${}_{0.4}$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ superconducting four-gap temperature evolution: a multi-band Chebyshev-BdG approach
• Effect of controlled point-like disorder induced by 2.5 MeV electron irradiation on nematic resistivity anisotropy of hole-doped (Ba,K)Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Effective field theory of an anomalous Hall metal from interband quantum fluctuations
• The influence of magnetic order on the magnetoresistance anisotropy of Fe${}_{1+\delta -x}$Cu${}_x$Te
• Ubiquity of rotational symmetry breaking in superconducting films, from Fe(Te,Se)/Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$ to Nb, and the effect of measurement geometry
• Resonant x-ray scattering study of charge-density wave correlations in YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{6+x}$ under uniaxial stress
• Magnetically-induced local lattice anomalies and low-frequency nematic fluctuations in the Mott insulator La${}_2$O${}_3$Fe${}_2$Se${}_2$
• Strong correlation between $H$-linear magnetoresistance and strange metal in FeSe superconductor
• Origin of the Electronic Structure in Single-Layer FeSe/SrTiO3 Films
• Fragility of Topology under Electronic Correlations in Iron Chalcogenides
• Compatible Instability: Gauge Constraints of Elasticity Inherited by Electronic Nematic Criticality
• Atomic-scale imaging of electronic nematicity in ferropnictides
• Charge density waves and soft phonon evolution in the superconductor BaNi${}_2$(As${}_{1-x}$P${}_x$)${}_2$
• Development of microwave surface elastoresistivity measurement technique under tunable strain
• Coarsening dynamics of Ising-nematic order in a frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet
• Quantum dynamics of frustrated Josephson junction arrays embedded in a transmission line: an effective XX spin chain with long-range interaction
• Nodal superconducting gap in LiFeP revealed by NMR: contrast with LiFeAs
• Disordered non-Fermi liquid fixed point for two-dimensional metals at Ising-nematic quantum critical points
• Orbital selective order and ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ Potts nematicity from a non-Fermi liquid
• Acoustic lattice instabilities at the magneto-structural transition in Fe${}_{1.057(7)}$Te
• Measurements of nematic susceptibility with phase sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance in pulsed strain fields
• Antiferromagnetic order and its interplay with superconductivity in CaK(Fe${}_{1-x}$Mn${}_x$)${}_4$As${}_4$
• Anisotropic Electronic Mobilities in the Nematic State of the Parent Phase NaFeAs
• Probing superconductivity and pairing symmetry by coherent phonons in multiorbital superconductors
• Interplay of stripe and double-Q magnetism with superconductivity in ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{K}}_x{\mathrm{Fe}}_2{\mathrm{As}}_2$ under the influence of magnetic fields
• Spin-dependent conductivity of iron-based superconductors in a magnetic field
• Magnetic form factor analysis on detwinned single crystal of BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Decoupling of Lattice and Orbital Degrees of Freedom in an Iron-Pnictide Superconductor
• Investigation of in-plane anisotropy of c-axis magnetoresistance for BiCh2-based layered superconductor NdO0.7F0.3BiS2
• Terahertz pulse-driven collective mode in the nematic superconducting state of Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Interrupted orbital motion in density-wave systems
• Structural, Elastic, Electronic, Thermodynamic, and Optical Properties of Layered BaPd2As2 Pnictide Superconductor: a First Principles Investigation
• Current-induced superconducting anisotropy of Sr${}_2$RuO${}_4$
• Fragile pressure-induced magnetism in FeSe superconductors with a thickness reduction
• Fate of a multiple-band Fermi liquid that is coupled with critical ${\varphi }^4$ bosons
• The thermoelectric conversion efficiency problem: Insights from the electron gas thermodynamics close to a phase transition
• Plaquette-centered rotation symmetry and octet-nodal superconductivity in ${\text{KFe}}_2{\text{As}}_2$
• Nematicity in LaFeAsO single crystals studied by elastoresistance, high-resolution thermal expansion and shear-modulus measurements
• Topological Semimetal KAlGe with Novel Electronic Instability
• Feedback of non-local $d_{xy}$ nematicity on the magnetic anisotropy in FeSe
• Emergent Ising degrees of freedom above double-stripe magnetism
• Magneto-orbital coupling in iron pnictides
• Vortices in a Ginzburg Landau Theory of Superconductors with Nematic Order
• Stripe Antiferromagnetic Ground-State Configuration of FeSe Revealed by Density Functional Theory
• A Convenient Sealing Method Using Boron Nitride Capping for Reactive Reactions
• Superconductivity near an Ising nematic quantum critical point in two dimensions
• Nesting instability of gapless U(1) spin liquids with spinon Fermi pockets in two dimensions
• Sub-spin-flop switching of a fully compensated antiferromagnet by magnetic field
• Inverse Melting of an Electronic Liquid Crystal
• Resistivity anisotropy from the multiorbital Boltzmann equation in nematic FeSe
• Evolution from three-dimensional charge density wave to one-dimensional stripe order in CsV${}_{3-x}$Ti${}_x$Sb${}_5$
• Evidence of diamagnetic fluctuations above Tc in BaFe2-xCoxAs2 single crystals
• Hund's coupling and electronic anisotropy in the spin-density wave state of iron pnictides
• Coexistence of stripe order and superconductivity in NaAlSi
• Merohedral disorder and impurity impacts on superconductivity of fullerenes
• Orbital-lattice coupling and orbital ordering instability in iron pnictides
• Reaching Quantum Critical Point by Adding Non-magnetic Disorder in Single Crystals of Superconductor $({\text{Ca}}_x{\text{Sr}}_{1-x}{)}_3{\text{Rh}}_4{\text{Sn}}_{13}$
• Piezostrain-induced in-plane anisotropy of superconducting transition temperature for FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin films