Electronic nematic susceptibility of iron-based superconductors

Abstract

We review our recent experimental results on the electronic nematic phase in electron- and hole-doped BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ and FeSe. The nematic susceptibility is extracted from shear-modulus data (obtained using a three-point-bending method in a capacitance dilatometer) using Landau theory and is compared to the nematic susceptibility obtained from elastoresistivity and Raman data. FeSe is particularly interesting in this context, because of a large nematic, i.e., a structurally distorted but paramagnetic, region in its phase diagram. Scaling of the nematic susceptibility with the spin lattice relaxation rate from NMR, as predicted by the spin-nematic theory, is found in both electron- and hole-doped BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$, but not in FeSe. The intricate relationship of the nematic susceptibility to spin and orbital degrees of freedom is discussed.

Invited review article for a special issue on Fe-based superconductors in Comptes Rendus Physique

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• Impact of Uniaxial Pressure on Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Electron-Doped Iron Pnictides
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• Using electron irradiation to probe iron - based superconductors
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• Iron-based superconductivity extended to the novel silicide LaFeSiH
• Hydrostatic and uniaxial pressure tuning of iron-based superconductors: Insights into superconductivity, magnetism, nematicity and collapsed tetragonal transitions
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• Critical divergence of the symmetric ($A_{1g}$) nonlinear elastoresistance near the nematic transition in an iron-based superconductor
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• Evolution from $B_{2g}$ nematics to $B_{1g}$ nematics in heavily hole-doped iron-based superconductors
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• Nematicity and superconductivity: Competition versus cooperation
• Widespread orthorhombic fluctuations in the (Sr,Na)Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ family of superconductors
• Soft phonons reveal the nematic correlation length in Ba(Fe${}_{0.94}$Co${}_{0.06}$)${}_2$As${}_2$
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• In-plane uniaxial pressure-induced out-of-plane antiferromagnetic moment and critical fluctuations in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Local nematic susceptibility in stressed BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ from NMR electric field gradient measurements
• Spin excitations and the Fermi surface of superconducting FeS
• Intertwined spin-orbital coupled orders in the iron-based superconductors
• Elastoresistance measurements on CaKFe${}_4$As${}_4$ and KCa${}_2$Fe${}_4$As${}_4$F${}_2$ with the Fe site of $C_{2v}$ symmetry
• Iron-based superconductors: tales from the nuclei
• Ingredients for Generalized Models of $\kappa$-Phase Organic Charge-Transfer Salts: A Review
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• Spectral Evidence for Emergent Order in Ba${}_{1-x}$Na${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Dynamic spin-lattice coupling and nematic fluctuations in NaFeAs
• Large nematic susceptibility in the double-Q $C_4$ magnetic phase of Ba${}_{1-x}$Na${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Lattice dynamics, crystal-field excitations and quadrupolar fluctuations of YbRu${}_2$Ge${}_2$
• Low frequency Raman response near Ising-nematic quantum critical point: a memory matrix approach
• Observation of Ising spin-nematic order and its close relationship to the superconductivity in FeSe single crystals
• Fluctuations and pairing in Fe-based superconductors: Light scattering experiments
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• Electronic Phase Propagation Speed in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ Revealed by Dilatometry
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• Quantitative relationship between structural orthorhombicity, shear modulus and heat capacity anomaly of the nematic transition in iron-based superconductors
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• Multiband effect in elastoresistance of Fe(Se,Te)
• Measurements of nematic susceptibility with phase sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance in pulsed strain fields
• Divergence of the quadrupole-strain susceptibility of YbRu${}_2$Ge${}_2$; a local moment realization of electronic nematicity
• The thermoelectric conversion efficiency problem: Insights from the electron gas thermodynamics close to a phase transition
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