On the Remarkable Superconductivity of FeSe and its Close Cousins

Abstract

Emergent electronic phenomena in iron-based superconductors have been at the forefront of condensed matter physics for more than a decade. Much has been learned about the origin and intertwined roles of ordered phases, including nematicity, magnetism, and superconductivity, in this fascinating class of materials. In recent years, focus has been centered on the peculiar and highly unusual properties of FeSe and its close cousins. This family of materials has attracted considerable attention due to the discovery of unexpected superconducting gap structures, a wide range of superconducting critical temperatures, and evidence for nontrivial band topology, including associated spin-helical surface states and vortex-induced Majorana bound states. Here, we review superconductivity in iron chalcogenide superconductors, including bulk FeSe, doped bulk FeSe, FeTe${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$, intercalated FeSe materials, and monolayer FeSe and FeTe${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$ on SrTiO${}_3$. We focus on the superconducting properties, including a survey of the relevant experimental studies, and a discussion of the different proposed theoretical pairing scenarios. In the last part of the paper, we review the growing recent evidence for nontrivial topological effects in FeSe-related materials, focusing again on interesting implications for superconductivity.

arXiv commentreview article, 57 pages, 23 figures

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• Understanding Electronic Peculiarities in Tetragonal FeSe as Local Structural Symmetry Breaking
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• Impurity states and cooperative magnetic order in Fe-based superconductors
• Shadow gap in the over-doped (Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$)Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ compound
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• Observation of discrete conventional Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon states in the vortex core of single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3
• Nematicity, magnetism and superconductivity in FeSe under pressure: Unified explanation based on the self-consistent vertex correction theory
• Topological superconducting states in monolayer FeSe/SrTiO${}_3$
• Superfluid density and microwave conductivity of FeSe superconductor: ultra-long-lived quasiparticles and extended s-wave energy gap
• Resistivity and magnetoresistance of FeSe single crystals under Helium-gas pressure
• High Temperature Superconductivity in FeSe Monolayers
• Revealing the single electron pocket of FeSe in a single orthorhombic domain
• Room temperature local nematicity in FeSe superconductor
• Magnetic order in orbital models of the iron pnictides
• Highly anisotropic superconducting gaps and possible evidence of antiferromagnetic order in FeSe single crystals
• Spin Ferroquadrupolar Order in the Nematic Phase of FeSe
• Orbital mismatch boosting nematic instability in iron-based superconductors
• Magnetotransport study of the pressure-induced antiferromagnetic phase in FeSe
• Evidence for d-wave superconductivity in single layer FeSe/SrTiO3 probed by quasiparticle scattering off step edges
• Disorder-driven electronic localization and phase separation in superconducting Fe1+yTe0.5Se0.5 single crystals
• Strongly enhanced temperature dependence of the chemical potential in FeSe
• Field-free platform for topological zero-energy mode in superconductors LiFeAs and PbTaSe${}_2$
• Dichotomy of superconductivity between monolayer FeS and FeSe
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• Orbital order in FeSe - the case for vertex renormalization
• Complex state induced by impurities in multiband superconductors
• Nematicity and in-plane anisotropy of superconductivity in $\beta$-FeSe detected by ${}^{77}$Se nuclear magnetic resonance
• Bulk superconductivity and role of fluctuations in the iron-based superconductor FeSe at high pressures
• Superconductivity-enhanced Nematicity and '$s+d$' Gap Symmetry in Fe(Se${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$)
• Itinerant approach to magnetic neutron scattering of FeSe: effect of orbital selectivity
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• Separate tuning of nematicity and spin fluctuations to unravel the origin of superconductivity in FeSe
• Frustrated spin order and stripe fluctuations in FeSe
• Properties of dirty two-bands superconductors with repulsive interband interaction: normal modes, length scales, vortices and magnetic response
• Small-q Phonon Mediated Unconventional Superconductivity in the Iron Pnictides
• Topological orders competing for the Dirac surface state in FeSeTe surfaces
• Effect of Zeeman coupling on the Majorana vortex modes in iron-based topological superconductors
• The electron-phonon interaction with forward scattering peak is a relevant approach to high Tc superconductivity in FeSe films on SrTiO3 and TiO2
• Heterostructural one-unit-cell FeSe/SrTiO3: from high-temperature superconductivity to topological states
• Superconductivity and electronic fluctuations in Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ studied by Raman scattering
• Impact of Iron-site defects on Superconductivity in LiFeAs
• Classification of Symmetry Derived Pairing at M Point in FeSe
• Eliashberg theory for spin-fluctuations mediated superconductivity -- Application to bulk and monolayer FeSe
• An extensive impurity-scattering study on the pairing symmetry of monolayer FeSe films on SrTiO3
• Non-local correlations in Iron Pnictides and Chalcogenides
• Edge states at nematic domain walls in FeSe films
• Quasiparticle Excitations in the Superconducting State of FeSe Probed by Thermal Hall Conductivity in the Vicinity of the BCS-BEC Crossover
• Quantum phase transition of correlated iron-based superconductivity in LiFe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$As
• Topological Vortex Phase Transitions in Iron-Based Superconductors
• Electronic nematicity in FeSe: a first-principles perspective
• Magnetic fluctuations and spin-spirals in single-layer FeSe
• Symmetry-unprotected nodes or gap minima in $s_{++}$ state of FeSe single crystal
• Evidence of nodal gap structure in the basal plane of the FeSe superconductor
• Ultrafast nematic-orbital excitation in FeSe
• Role of multiorbital effects in the magnetic phase diagram of iron-pnictides
• Theoretical study of impurity-induced magnetism in FeSe
• Absence of superconductivity in ultra-thin layers of FeSe synthesized on a topological insulator
• Mechanism for nematic superconductivity in FeSe
• Nematicity and superconductivity: Competition versus cooperation
• Magnetism and superconductivity in Fe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$
• Impurity-induced bound states inside the superconducting gap of FeSe
• Spin-Orbit Coupling and Magnetic Anisotropy in Iron-Based Superconductors
• Holographic Maps of Quasiparticle Interference
• Effect of gap anisotropy on the spin resonance peak in the superconducting state of iron-based materials
• Phase diagram of dirty two-band superconductors and observability of impurity-induced $s+is$ state
• $k_z$ selective scattering within Quasiparticle Interference measurements of FeSe
• Enhancement of superconducting transition temperature in electrochemically etched FeSe/LaAlO${}_3$ films
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• Visualization of local magnetic moments emerging from impurities in the Hund's metal states of FeSe
• Ab-initio perspective on structural and electronic properties of iron-based superconductors
• Intrinsic interfacial van der Waals monolayers and their effect on the high-temperature superconductor FeSe/SrTiO${}_3$
• Superconductivity in PbO-type Fe chalcogenides
• Direct visualization of sign reversal s^+- superconducting gaps in FeTe0.55Se0.45
• Orbital transmutation and the electronic spectrum of FeSe in the nematic phase
• Disorder-sensitive node-like small gap in FeSe
• Influence of disorder on the signature of pseudogap and multigap superconducting behavior in FeSe
• Competing Electronic Phases near the Onset of Superconductivity in Hole-doped SrFe2As2
• Spin resonance in AFe2Se2 with s-wave pairing symmetry
• Electronic vortex structure of Fe-based superconductors: application to LiFeAs
• Orbital superconductivity, defects and pinned nematic fluctuations in the doped iron chalcogenide FeSe${}_{0.45}$Te${}_{0.55}$
• The superconducting gaps in FeSe studied by soft point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy
• Electronic properties of the FeSe/STO interface from first-principle calculations
• Structural-transition-induced quasi two-dimensional Fermi surface in FeSe
• Quantum Transitions of Nematic Phases in a Spin-$1$ Bilinear-Biquadratic Model and Their Implications for FeSe
• Effects of momentum-dependent quasiparticle renormalization on the gap structure of iron-based superconductors
• Nodal topology in $d$-wave superconducting monolayer FeSe
• Effect of disorder on the competition between nematic and superconducting order in FeSe
• Weak and strong electronic correlations in Fe superconductors
• Quasiparticle Interference and Symmetry of Superconducting Order Parameter in Strongly Electron-Doped Iron-based Superconductors
• Signatures of nodeless multiband superconductivity and particle-hole crossover in the vortex cores of FeTe${}_{0.55}$Se${}_{0.45}$
• Nanoscale electronic inhomogeneity in FeSe${}_{0.4}$Te${}_{0.6}$ revealed through unsupervised machine learning
• Disorder-Induced Electronic Nematicity
• Impurity-induced sub-gap bound gap states in alkali doped iron chalcogenide superconductors
• Variation of shear moduli across superconducting phase transitions
• Importance of Fermi surface and magnetic interactions for the superconducting dome in electron doped FeSe intercalates
• In the Pursuit of Majorana Modes in Iron-based High-$T_c$ Superconductors
• Effect of the additional Se layer on the electronic structure of iron-based superconductor FeSe/SrTiO${}_3$

Cited by in corpus (82)

• Ironing out the details of unconventional superconductivity
• Exotic Superconducting States in FeSe-based Materials
• Probing topological quantum matter with scanning tunnelling microscopy
• Theory of Cross Phenomena and Their Coefficients Beyond Onsager Theorem
• Electronic nematic states tuned by isoelectronic substitution in bulk FeSe1-xSx
• Superconductivity from repulsive interactions on the kagome lattice
• Vortex-line topology in iron-based superconductors with and without second-order topology
• Spatially dispersing Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in the unconventional superconductor ${\mathrm{FeTe}}_{0.55}{\mathrm{Se}}_{0.45}$
• Unconventional superconductivity protected from disorder on the kagome lattice
• Unconventional density waves and superconductivities in Fe-based superconductors and other strongly correlated electron systems
• Multiflavor Mott insulators in quantum materials and ultracold atoms
• Topological Superconductivity Induced by Magnetic Texture Crystals
• Odd-parity Magnetism Driven by Antiferromagnetic Exchange
• Quantum noise spectroscopy of dynamical critical phenomena
• Antiferromagnetism in two-dimensional materials: progress and computational challenges
• Non-local $d_{xy}$ nematicity and the missing electron pocket in FeSe
• Enhanced superconducting pairing strength near a nonmagnetic nematic quantum critical point
• The drastic effect of the impurity scattering on the electronic and superconducting properties of Cu-doped FeSe
• Near zero-energy Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon vortex states in the presence of impurities
• Quasiparticle Nodal Plane in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State of FeSe
• Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking by disorder in superconductors
• Boundary effects in two-band superconductors
• Orbital-dependent self-energy effects and consequences for the superconducting gap structure in multi-orbital correlated electron systems
• All-optical generation of Abrikosov vortices by the Inverse Faraday Effect
• Origin of Topological Surface Superconductivity in FeSe${}_{0.45}$Te${}_{0.55}$
• FeSe and the missing electron pocket problem
• Inter-orbital nematicity and the origin of a single electron Fermi pocket in FeSe
• Multichannel superconductivity of monolayer FeSe on SrTiO${}_3$: Interplay of spin fluctuations and electron-phonon interaction
• Interplay between band structure and Hund's correlation to increase T${}_c$ in FeSe
• Enhanced superconductivity in FeSe/SrTiO${}_3$ from the combination of forward scattering phonons and spin fluctuations
• Computational methods for 2D materials modelling
• Superconductivity in multiorbital systems with repulsive interactions: Hund's pairing vs. spin-fluctuation pairing
• Quantum magnetism of iron-based ladders: Blocks, spirals, and spin flux
• Thermodynamic transitions and topology of spin-triplet superconductivity: Application to UTe${}_2$
• Pure nematic state in iron-based superconductor
• Positive and negative chemical pressure effects investigated in electron-doped FeSe films with an electric-double-layer structure
• Existence of Hebel-Slichter peak in unconventional kagome superconductors
• Nematic state of the FeSe superconductor
• Inhomogeneous Knight shift in vortex cores of superconducting FeSe
• Unconventional localization of electrons inside of a nematic electronic phase
• Relationships between Superconductivity and Nematicity in FeSe${}_{1-x}$Te${}_x$ ($x=0-0.5$) Films Studied by Complex Conductivity Measurements
• Tomonaga Luttinger liquid in the topological edge channel of multilayer FeSe
• Quadrupolar charge dynamics in the nonmagnetic FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$ superconductors
• Nematic Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces from magnetic toroidal order in FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$
• Identifying Majorana vortex modes via non-local transport
• Multipolar nematic state of nonmagnetic FeSe based on the DFT+$U$
• Orbital-Selective High-Temperature Cooper Pairing Developed in the Two-Dimensional Limit
• Stoichiometric FeTe is a Superconductor
• Anomalous Shiba states in topological iron-based superconductors
• Competing topological superconducting phases in FeSe${}_{0.45}$Te${}_{0.55}$
• Magnetic field behaviour in $s+is$ and $s+id$ superconductors: twisting of applied and spontaneous fields
• Resurgence of superconductivity and the role of $d_{xy}$ hole band in FeSe${}_{1-x}$Te${}_x$
• Unconventional pairing in Ising superconductors: Application to monolayer NbSe${}_2$
• Theory of spin-excitation anisotropy in the nematic phase of FeSe obtained from RIXS measurements
• Exploring multichannel superconductivity in ThFeAsN
• The phonon mechanism explanation of the superconductivity dichotomy between FeSe and FeS monolayers on STO and other substrates
• Unveiling the quasiparticle behaviour in the pressure-induced high-$T_c$ phase of an iron-chalcogenide superconductor
• Atomic scale imaging of sign-changing order parameter in superconducting FeSe with Tunneling Andreev Reflection
• Photoinduced nematic state in FeSe${}_{0.4}$Te${}_{0.6}$
• Diverse Exotic Orders and Fermiology in Fe-based Superconductors: A Unified Mechanism for $B_{1g}/B_{2g}$ Nematicity in FeSe/(Cs,Rb)Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ and Smectic Order in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Unusual band splitting and superconducting gap evolution with sulfur substitution in FeSe
• Odd-Parity Magnetism in Fe-Based Superconductors
• Superconducting topological Dirac semimetals: $P6/m$-Si${}_6$ and $P6/m$-NaSi${}_6$
• Spin fluctuations in the ultranodal superconducting state of Fe(Se,S)
• Representation-protected topology of spin-singlet $s$-wave superconductors
• Atomic-scale analysis of disorder by similarity learning from tunneling spectroscopy
• Temperature dependence and limiting mechanisms of the upper critical field of FeSe thin films
• Effects of Chemical Pressure on Superconductivity in Electrochemically Intercalated (TMA)yFe2(Se1-xSx)2 (TMA = Tetramethylammonium)
• Sublattice Dichotomy in Monolayer FeSe Superconductor
• Superconducting Stiffness and Coherence Length of FeSe${}_{0.5}$Te${}_{0.5}$ Measured in Zero-Applied Field
• Studies of superconductivity of Fe chalcogenides in films grown by PLD technique
• Fractional vortex array realized at twin boundary in a nematic superconductor
• Antiferromagnetic order and its interplay with superconductivity in CaK(Fe${}_{1-x}$Mn${}_x$)${}_4$As${}_4$
• Dynamical Coulomb Blockade as a Signature of the Sign-Reversing Cooper Pairing Potential
• Thermally-induced mimicry of quantum cluster excitations and implications for the magnetic transition in FePSe${}_3$
• Dislocation Arrays Hosting Topological Bound States in Epitaxial Tetragonal FeSe Films
• Feedback of non-local $d_{xy}$ nematicity on the magnetic anisotropy in FeSe
• Evidence for valence-bond pairing in a one-dimensional two-orbital system
• Vortex nucleation barriers and stable fractional vortices near boundaries in multicomponent superconductors
• Eight-fold classification of superconducting orders
• Symmetry-breaking-induced topology in FeSe
• Fragile pressure-induced magnetism in FeSe superconductors with a thickness reduction