Preemptive nematic order, pseudogap, and orbital order in the iron pnictides

Abstract

Starting from a microscopic itinerant model, we derive and analyze the effective low-energy model for collective magnetic excitations in the iron pnictides. We show that the stripe magnetic order is generally preempted by an Ising-nematic order which breaks $C_4$ lattice symmetry but preserves O(3) spin-rotational symmetry. This leads to a rich phase diagram as function of doping, pressure, and elastic moduli, displaying split magnetic and nematic tri-critical points. The nematic transition may instantly bring the system to the verge of a magnetic transition, or it may occur first, being followed by a magnetic transition at a lower temperature. In the latter case, the preemptive nematic transition is accompanied by either a jump or a rapid increase of the magnetic correlation length, triggering a pseudogap behavior associated with magnetic precursors. Furthermore, due to the distinct orbital character of each Fermi pocket, the nematic transition also induces orbital order. We compare our results to various experiments, showing that they correctly address the changes in the character of the magneto-structural transition across the phase diagrams of different compounds, as well as the relationship between the orthorhombic and magnetic order parameters.

revised version with two new figs and a few refs added; 35 pages

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• The role of orbital nesting in the superconductivity of Iron-based Superconductors
• Nonequilibrium control of kagome metals
• Phase transition in CaFeAsH: bridging 1111 and 122 iron-based superconductors
• Carrier Tuning of Stoner Ferromagnetism in ThCr${}_2$Si${}_2$-Structure Cobalt Arsenides
• Nonthermal order by disorder
• Electronic spin-triplet nematic with a twist
• Theory of Quantum Phase Transition in Iron-based Superconductors with Half-Dirac Nodal Electron Fermi Surface
• Surface chiral superconductivity in odd-parity nematic superconductors with magnetic impurities
• Magnetic form factor analysis on detwinned single crystal of BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Magnetic excitations in the normal and nematic phases of iron pnictides
• Coarsening dynamics of Ising-nematic order in a frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet
• Measurements of nematic susceptibility with phase sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance in pulsed strain fields
• Hund's coupling and electronic anisotropy in the spin-density wave state of iron pnictides
• Orbital-lattice coupling and orbital ordering instability in iron pnictides
• Resistivity anisotropy from the multiorbital Boltzmann equation in nematic FeSe
• The Frenkel line and the pseudogap: an analogy between classical and electronic fluids
• Emergent Ising degrees of freedom above double-stripe magnetism
• Quasiclassical theory of $C_4$-symmetric magnetic order in disordered multiband metals
• Superconducting States and Intertwined Orders in Metallic Altermagnets