Uniaxial strain detwinning of CaFe2As2 and BaFe2As2: optical and transport study

Abstract

TThe parent compounds of iron-arsenide superconductors, $A$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ ($A$=Ca, Sr, Ba), undergo a tetragonal to orthorhombic structural transition at a temperature $T_{\mathrm{TO}}$ in the range 135 to 205K depending on the alkaline earth element. Below $T_{\mathrm{TO}}$ the free standing crystals split into equally populated structural domains, which mask intrinsic, in-plane, anisotropic properties of the materials. Here we demonstrate a way of mechanically detwinning CaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ and BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$. The detwinning is nearly complete, as demonstrated by polarized light imaging and synchrotron $X$-ray measurements, and reversible, with twin pattern restored after strain release. Electrical resistivity measurements in the twinned and detwinned states show that resistivity, $\rho$, decreases along the orthorhombic $a_o$-axis but increases along the orthorhombic $b_o$-axis in both compounds. Immediately below $T_{\mathrm{TO}}$ the ratio ${\rho }_{bo}/{\rho }_{ao}$ = 1.2 and 1.5 for Ca and Ba compounds, respectively. Contrary to CaFe${}_2$As${}_2$, BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ reveals an anisotropy in the nominally tetragonal phase, suggesting that either fluctuations play a larger role above $T_{\mathrm{TO}}$ in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ than in CaFe${}_2$As${}_2$, or that there is a higher temperature crossover or phase transition.

extended version

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