Striped superconductors: How the cuprates intertwine spin, charge and superconducting orders

Abstract

Recent transport experiments in the original cuprate high temperature superconductor, {La${}_{2-x}$Ba${}_x$CuO${}_4$}, have revealed a remarkable sequence of transitions and crossovers which give rise to a form of dynamical dimensional reduction, in which a bulk crystal becomes essentially superconducting in two directions while it remains poorly metallic in the third. We identify these phenomena as arising from a distinct new superconducting state, the "striped superconductor," in which the superconducting order is spatially modulated, so that its volume average value is zero. Here, in addition to outlining the salient experimental findings, we sketch the order parameter theory of the state, stressing some of the ways in which a striped superconductor differs fundamentally from an ordinary (uniform) superconductor, especially concerning its response to quenched randomness. We also present the results of DMRG calculations on a model of interacting electrons in which sign oscillations of the superconducting order are established. Finally, we speculate concerning the relevance of this state to experiments in other cuprates, including recent optical studies of {La${}_{2-x}$Sr${}_x$CuO${}_4$} in a magnetic field, neutron scattering experiments in underdoped {YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{6+x}$}, and a host of anomalies seen in STM and ARPES studies of {Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$}.

40 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to New. J. Phys. a focus issue on "Superconductors with Exotic Symmetries"; new version with minor changes; new version

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• Edge-induced strongly correlated electronic states in two-dimensional Hubbard model: Enhancement of magnetic correlations and self-energy effects
• Discovery of smectic charge and pair-density-wave orders in topological monolayer 1T${}^{\prime }$-MoTe${}_2$
• $d$-Density Wave (DDW) Scenario Description of the New Hidden Charge Order in Cuprates
• Crossovers in Unitary Fermi Systems
• Coulomb drag between two strange metals
• Floating topological phases
• Strong pair-density-wave fluctuations in an exactly solvable doped Mott insulator
• Gapless spin excitations in superconducting La${}_{2-x}$Ca${}_{1+x}$Cu${}_2$O${}_6$ with $T_c$ up to 55 K
• The Principle Of Local Rotational Invariance And The Coexistence Of Magnetism, Charge And Superconductivity
• Electronic structure of topological defects in the pair density wave superconductor
• Microscopic Mechanism of Pair-, Charge- and Spin-Density-Wave Instabilities in Interacting D-Dimensional Fermi Liquids
• Superconductivity near Pomeranchuk instabilities in the spin channel
• Magnetic Excitations in the Site-Centered Stripe Phase: Spin Wave Theory of Coupled Three-Leg Ladders
• Minimal model of charge and pairing density waves in X-ray scattering experiments
• Competition between the Spin and Pseudospin Subsystems in a Model Cuprate
• Andreev-Bragg reflection from an Amperian superconductor
• Optically-induced Umklapp shift currents in striped cuprates
• Spin-charge coupling and decoupling in perovskite-type iron oxides (Sr${}_{1-x}$Ba${}_x$)${}_{2/3}$La${}_{1/3}$FeO${}_3$
• Gradual emergence of superconductivity in underdoped LSCO
• Electronic Liquid Crystal Phases in Strongly Correlated Systems
• Ground state and spectral properties across a Charge Density Wave transition in a triangular-lattice spinless Fermion model
• Phase separation and pairing fluctuations in oxide materials
• An Exactly Solvable Model of Randomly Pinned Charge Density Waves in Two Dimensions
• Emergent Pair Density Wave Order Across a Lifshitz Transition
• Atomic-Scale Visualization of the Cuprate Pair Density Wave State
• Hole-doping driven antiparallel magnetic order underlying the superconducting and pseudogap states in high-temperature cuprate superconductor
• Pair-density-wave phase of strongly interacting electrons on the triangular lattice: A variational Monte Carlo study
• FFLO oscillations and magnetic domains in the Hubbard model with off-diagonal Coulomb repulsion
• Development of spin fluctuations under the presence of $d$-wave bond order in cuprate superconductors
• Superconductivity Reinforces Charge-Density-Wave Phase Coherence across Cuprates
• Search for $Q\sim 0$ order near a forbidden Bragg position in Bi${}_{2.1}$Sr${}_{1.9}$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+x}$ with resonant soft x-ray scattering
• Field-induced topological pair-density wave states in a multilayer optical lattice
• Interplay of Quantum and Thermal Fluctuations in Two-Dimensional Randomly Pinned Charge Density Waves
• Enhanced coherent terahertz emission from critical superconducting fluctuations in YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{6.6}$
• Superconducting States and Intertwined Orders in Metallic Altermagnets
• Tunable intertwining via collective excitations
• Elastic properties of hidden order in URu${}_{\text{2}}$Si${}_{\text{2}}$ are reproduced by a staggered nematic
• Pair density wave solution for a self-consistent model
• Coexistence of stripe order and superconductivity in NaAlSi
• Observation of Subharmonic Charge-Density-Wave Correlations in La-Based Cuprates
• Exploring Strongly Interacting Gapless States: Cuprates, Pair Density Waves, and Fluctuating Superconductivity