Cuprate superconductors as viewed through a striped lens

Abstract

Understanding the electron pairing in hole-doped cuprate superconductors has been a challenge, in particular because the "normal" state from which it evolves is unprecedented. Now, after three and a half decades of research, involving a wide range of experimental characterizations, it is possible to delineate a clear and consistent cuprate story. It starts with doping holes into a charge-transfer insulator, resulting in in-gap states. These states exhibit a pseudogap resulting from the competition between antiferromagnetic superexchange $J$ between nearest-neighbor Cu atoms (a real-space interaction) and the kinetic energy of the doped holes, which, in the absence of interactions, would lead to extended Bloch-wave states whose occupancy is characterized in reciprocal space. To develop some degree of coherence on cooling, the spin and charge correlations must self-organize in a cooperative fashion. A specific example of resulting emergent order is that of spin and charge stripes, as observed in La${}_{2-x}$Ba${}_x$CuO${}_4$. While stripe order frustrates bulk superconductivity, it nevertheless develops pairing and superconducting order of an unusual character. The antiphase order of the spin stripes decouples them from the charge stripes, which can be viewed as hole-doped, two-leg, spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ ladders. To achieve superconducting order, the pair correlations in neighboring ladders must develop phase order. In the presence of spin stripe order, antiphase Josephson coupling can lead to pair-density-wave superconductivity. Alternatively, in-phase superconductivity requires that the spin stripes have an energy gap, which empirically limits the coherent superconducting gap. Hence, superconducting order in the cuprates involves a compromise between the pairing scale, which is maximized at $x\sim \frac{1}{8}$, and phase coherence, which is optimized at $x\sim 0.2$.

74 pages, 24 figures; This article has been accepted for publication in Advances in Physics, published by Taylor & Francis; includes significant revisions and additions

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• Discovery of charge density wave in a correlated kagome lattice antiferromagnet
• Coexistence of superconductivity with partially filled stripes in the Hubbard model
• Stripes and spin-density waves in the doped two-dimensional Hubbard model: ground state phase diagram
• Intertwined spin, charge and pair correlations in the two-dimensional Hubbard model in the thermodynamic limit
• Temperature Dependence of Spin and Charge Orders in the Doped Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model
• Pair density wave in doped three-band Hubbard model on two-leg square cylinders
• Unconventional density waves and superconductivities in Fe-based superconductors and other strongly correlated electron systems
• Striped electronic phases in an incommensurately modulated van der Waals superlattice
• Strongly-overdoped La${}_{2-x}$Sr${}_x$CuO${}_4$: Evidence for Josephson-coupled grains of strongly-correlated superconductor
• Identification of a Nematic Pair Density Wave State in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
• Stripe correlations in the two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model
• An electronic origin of charge order in infinite-layer nickelates
• Formation of stripes in a mixed-dimensional cold-atom Fermi-Hubbard system
• Ubiquitous Charge Order Correlations in High-Temperature Superconducting Cuprates
• Superconductivity from charge order in cuprates
• Interplay of finite-energy and finite-momentum superconducting pairing
• Testing for pair-density-wave order in La${}_{1.875}$Ba${}_{0.125}$CuO${}_4$
• Reinvestigation of crystal symmetry and fluctuations in La${}_2$CuO${}_4$
• Competition between spin ordering and superconductivity near the pseudogap boundary in La2-xSrxCuO4: insights from NMR
• From non-metal to strange metal at the stripe-percolation transition in La${}_{2-x}$Sr${}_x$CuO${}_4$
• Designing the stripe-ordered cuprate phase diagram through uniaxial-stress
• Signatures of two gaps in the spin susceptibility of a cuprate superconductor
• Spin and charge density waves in the quasi-one-dimensional KMn6Bi5
• Comparative study of charge order in undoped infinite-layer nickelate superconductors
• Relaxed hydrodynamic theory of electrically driven non-equilibrium steady states
• Topological Doping and Superconductivity in Cuprates: An Experimental Perspective
• Structural origins of the infamous "Low Temperature Orthorhombic" to "Low Temperature Tetragonal" phase transition in high-Tc cuprates
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• Light-induced coherent interlayer transport in stripe-ordered ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.6-x}{\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.4}{\mathrm{Sr}}_x{\mathrm{CuO}}_4$
• Beyond-Hubbard pairing in a cuprate ladder
• Exploring High-Temperature Superconductivity in the Extended Hubbard Model with Antiferromagnetic Tendencies
• Fluctuating charge-density-wave correlations in the three-band Hubbard model
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