Intra-unit-cell electronic nematicity of the high-Tc copper-oxide pseudogap states

Abstract

In the high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors the pseudogap phase becomes predominant when the density of doped holes is reduced1. Within this phase it has been unclear which electronic symmetries (if any) are broken, what the identity of any associated order parameter might be, and which microscopic electronic degrees of freedom are active. Here we report the determination of a quantitative order parameter representing intra-unit-cell nematicity: the breaking of rotational symmetry by the electronic structure within CuO2 unit cell. We analyze spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscope images of the intra-unit-cell states in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ and, using two independent evaluation techniques, find evidence for electronic nematicity of the states close to the pseudogap energy. Moreover, we demonstrate directly that these phenomena arise from electronic differences at the two oxygen sites within each unit cell. If the characteristics of the pseudogap seen here and by other techniques all have the same microscopic origin, this phase involves weak magnetic states at the O sites that break 90o -rotational symmetry within every CuO2 unit cell.

See the Nature website for the published version. High-resolution version of figures, supplementary information and supplementary movies are available at http://eunahkim.ccmr.cornell.edu/KimGroup/highlights.html

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• Glassy behavior of two-dimensional stripe-forming systems
• No nematicity at the onset temperature of the pseudogap phase in the cuprate superconductor YBCO
• Tracking the nematicity in cuprate superconductors: a resistivity study under uniaxial pressure
• Textured Superconductivity in the Presence of a Coexisting Order: Ce115s and Other Heavy-Fermion Compounds
• Nematic phase in a two-dimensional Hubbard model at weak coupling and finite temperature
• Discerning electronic fingerprints of nodal and antinodal nestings and their phase coherences in doped cuprate superconductors
• Correlation and disorder-enhanced nematic spin response in superconductors with weakly broken rotational symmetry
• Tuning Bound States of Symmetry-Breaking Vortices via Unidirectional Charge Density Wave in a Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Superconductor
• Nematic order driven by superconducting correlations
• Characteristic energy of the nematic-order state and its connection to enhancement of superconductivity in cuprate superconductors
• Instabilities of quantum critical metals in the limit $N_f\to 0$
• Surface symmetry breaking and disorder effects on superconductivity in perovskite BaBi3 epitaxial films
• Spontaneous Fermi surface deformation in the three-band Hubbard model: A variational Monte Carlo study
• Projective Quasiparticle Interference of a Single Scatterer to Analyze the Electronic Band Structure of ZrSiS
• Microscopic origin of the nemato-elastic coupling and dynamics of hybridized collective nematic-phonon excitations
• Electronic structure of topological defects in the pair density wave superconductor
• A universal explanation of tunneling conductance in exotic superconductors
• Nematic single-component superconductivity and loop-current order from pair-density wave instability
• Interplay between nematic fluctuation and superconductivity in the two-orbital Hubbard model: A quantum Monte Carlo study
• Topologically trivial gap-filling in superconducting Fe(Se,Te) by one dimensional defects
• Quantitative approaches for multi-scale structural analysis with atomic resolution electron microscopy
• Electronic procrystalline state in moire structures
• Intrinsic superstructure near atomically clean armchair-type step edge of graphite
• Nanoscale strain manipulation of smectic susceptibility in kagome superconductors
• Crucial role of Internal Collective Modes in Underdoped Cuprates
• Optical Properties of Bogoliubov Quasiparticles
• Evidence for a preformed Cooper pair model in the pseudogap spectra of a Ca10(Pt4As8)(Fe2As2)5 single crystal with a nodal superconducting gap
• One-dimensional moire charge density wave in the hidden order state of URu2Si2 induced by fracture
• The k-space Origins of Scattering in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
• Suppression of nematicity by tensile strain in multilayer FeSe/SrTiO${}_3$ films
• Structural Phase Separation and Enhanced Superconductivity in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 under Uniaxial Strain
• Uncovering hidden Fermi surface instabilities through visualizing unconventional quasiparticle interference in CeTe3
• Electronic confinement and ordering instabilities in colossal magnetoresistive bilayer manganites
• Doping driven Small-to-Large Fermi surface transition and d-wave superconductivity in a two-dimenional Kondo lattice
• Cuprates, Pnictides and Sulfosalts: Lessons in Functional Materials
• Observation of pseudogap in SnSe2 atomic layers grown on graphite
• Orbital-selective time-domain signature of nematicity dynamics in the charge-density-wave phase of La${}_{1.65}$Eu${}_{0.2}$Sr${}_{0.15}$CuO${}_4$
• Low-Energy Electron Microscopy contrast of stacking boundaries: comparing twisted few-layer graphene and strained epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide
• Electronic Liquid Crystal Physics of Underdoped Cuprates
• Atomic-Scale Visualization of the Cuprate Pair Density Wave State
• Development of spin fluctuations under the presence of $d$-wave bond order in cuprate superconductors
• Empirical case for two pseudogaps in cuprate superconductors
• Emerging one-dimensionality from self-organization of electrons in NbSe${}_3$
• Divergence of the quadrupole-strain susceptibility of YbRu${}_2$Ge${}_2$; a local moment realization of electronic nematicity
• Atomic-scale imaging of electronic nematicity in ferropnictides
• Cluster dynamical mean field study of intra-unit-cell charge nematicity in hole-doped cuprates
• Compatible Instability: Gauge Constraints of Elasticity Inherited by Electronic Nematic Criticality
• Moire Engineering of Cooper-Pair Density Modulation States
• Valley polarization of Landau levels driven by residual strain in the ZrSiS surface band
• Disordered non-Fermi liquid fixed point for two-dimensional metals at Ising-nematic quantum critical points
• Analyzing scanning tunneling spectroscopy for Fe-based superconductor Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ and extracting $s$-wave density of states
• Coexisting electronic smectic liquid crystal and superconductivity in a Si square-net semimetal
• Electromagnetic response of cuprate superconductors with coexisting electronic nematicity
• Nematicity in LaFeAsO single crystals studied by elastoresistance, high-resolution thermal expansion and shear-modulus measurements
• Correlations Among STM Observables in Disordered Unconventional Superconductors
• Normal state pair nematicity and hidden magnetic order and metal-insulator (fermion-boson)- crossover origin of pseudogap phase of cuprates II
• Delusive chirality and periodic strain pattern in moiré systems
• Intra pseudogap- and superconductivity-pair spin and charge fluctuations and underdome metal-insulator (fermion-boson)-crossover phenomena as keystones of cuprate physics
• Superconductivity near an Ising nematic quantum critical point in two dimensions
• Search for $Q\sim 0$ order near a forbidden Bragg position in Bi${}_{2.1}$Sr${}_{1.9}$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+x}$ with resonant soft x-ray scattering
• Spectral Distribution of Cu Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time in Superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d
• Fast spectroscopic mapping of two-dimensional quantum materials
• Magic doping: From the localized hole-pair to the checkerboard patterns