Electronic Structure of the Cuprate Superconducting and Pseudogap Phases from Spectroscopic Imaging STM

Abstract

We survey the use of spectroscopic imaging STM to probe the electronic structure of underdoped cuprates. Two distinct classes of electronic states are observed in both the d-wave superconducting (dSC) and the pseudogap (PG) phases. The first class consists of the dispersive Bogoliubov quasiparticle excitations of a homogeneous d-wave superconductor, existing below a lower energy scale E=Delta0. We find that the Bogoliubov quasiparticle interference signatures of delocalized Cooper pairing are restricted to a k-space arc which terminates near the lines connecting k=\pm(pi/a0,0) to k=\pm(pi/a0). This arc shrinks continuously with decreasing hole density such that Luttinger's theorem could be satisfied if it represents the front side of a hole-pocket which is bounded behind by the lines between k=\pm(pi/a0,0) and k=\pm(0,pi/a0). In both phases the only broken symmetries detected for the |E|<Delta0 states are those of a d-wave superconductor. The second class of states occurs proximate to the pseudogap energy scale E=Delta1. Here the non-dispersive electronic structure breaks the expected 90o-rotational symmetry of electronic structure within each unit cell, at least down to 180o-rotational symmetry. This Q=0 electronic symmetry breaking was first detected as an electronic inequivalence at the two oxygen sites within each unit cell by using a measure of nematic (C2) symmetry. Incommensurate non-dispersive conductance modulations, locally breaking both rotational and translational symmetries, coexist with this intra-unit-cell electronic symmetry breaking at E=Delta1. Their characteristic wavevector Q is determined by the k-space points where Bogoliubov quasiparticle interference terminates and therefore changes continuously with doping. The distinct broken electronic symmetry states (Q=0 and finite Q) coexisting at E~Delta1 are found to be indistinguishable in the dSC and PG phases.

32 pages with 10 figures

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• Correlation Driven Transport Asymmetries Through Coupled Spins
• Revisiting Quasiparticle Scattering Interference in High-Temperature Superconductors: The Problem of Narrow Peaks
• Josephson Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy in $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave superconductors: a probe for the nature of the pseudo-gap in the cuprate superconductors
• Robustness of the nodal d-wave spectrum to strongly fluctuating competing order
• Quasiparticle Density of States, Localization, and Distributed Disorder in the Cuprate Superconductors
• The Three Component Electronic Structure of the Cuprates Derived from SI-STM
• Effect of nonlocal interactions on the disorder-induced zero-bias anomaly in the Anderson-Hubbard model
• Inhomogeneity, Fluctuations, and Gap Filling in Overdoped Cuprates
• Quasiparticle scattering interference in cuprate superconductors
• Superconductivity-Induced Changes in Density-Density Correlation Function Enabled by Umklapp Processes
• Compressed Sensing for STM imaging of defects and disorder
• Nodeless $s$-Wave Superconducting Phases in Cuprates with Ba${}_2$CuO${}_3$-Type Structure
• The Low-Temperature Phenomenology of Gap Inhomogeneity in the Cuprate Superconductors: High-Energy Granularity, Low-Energy Homogeneity, and Spectral Kinks
• Characterizing Featureless Mott Insulating State by Quasiparticle Interferences - A Dynamical Mean Field Theory Prospect
• Correlations Among STM Observables in Disordered Unconventional Superconductors