Spectroscopic Imaging STM Studies of Electronic Structure in the Superconducting and Pseudogap Phases of Cuprate High-Tc Superconductors

Abstract

One of the key motivations for the development of atomically resolved spectroscopic imaging STM (SI-STM) has been to probe the electronic structure of cuprate high temperature superconductors. In both the d-wave superconducting (dSC) and the pseudogap (PG) phases of underdoped cuprates, two distinct classes of electronic states are observed using SI-STM. The first class consists of the dispersive Bogoliubov quasiparticles of a homogeneous d-wave superconductor. These are detected below a lower energy scale |E|=Δ0 and only upon a momentum space (k-space) arc which terminates near the lines connecting k=\pm(π/a0,0) to k=\pm(0, π/a0). In both the dSC and PG phases, the only broken symmetries detected in the |E|\leq Δ0 states are those of a d-wave superconductor. The second class of states occurs at energies near the pseudogap energy scale |E| Δ1 which is associated conventionally with the 'antinodal' states near k=\pm(π/a0,0) and k=\pm(0, π/a0). We find that these states break the 90o-rotational (C4) symmetry of electronic structure within CuO2 unit cells, at least down to 180o rotational (C2) symmetry (nematic) but in a spatially disordered fashion. This intra-unit-cell C4 symmetry breaking coexists at |E| Δ1 with incommensurate conductance modulations locally breaking both rotational and translational symmetries (smectic). The properties of these two classes of |E| Δ1 states are indistinguishable in the dSC and PG phases. To explain this segregation of k-space into the two regimes distinguished by the symmetries of their electronic states and their energy scales |E| Δ1 and |E|\leqΔ0, and to understand how this impacts the electronic phase diagram and the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity, represents one of a key challenges for cuprate studies.

45 pages, 12 figures

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Cited by in corpus (60)

• Theory of Intertwined Orders in High Temperature Superconductors
• Resonant x-ray scattering studies of charge order in cuprates
• Detection of a Cooper-Pair Density Wave in Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+x}$
• Simultaneous Transitions in Cuprate Momentum-Space Topology and Electronic Symmetry Breaking
• Charge-density-wave order with momentum $(2Q,0)$ and $(0,2Q)$ within the spin-fermion model: continuous and discrete symmetry breaking, preemptive composite order, and relation to pseudogap in hole-doped cuprates
• Concepts relating magnetic interactions, intertwined electronic orders and strongly correlated superconductivity
• Atomic-scale Electronic Structure of the Cuprate d-Symmetry Form Factor Density Wave State
• Crossover between BCS Superconductor and Doped Mott Insulator of d-wave Pairing State in Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model
• Interpretation of scanning tunneling quasiparticle interference and impurity states in cuprates
• Nematicity in stripe ordered cuprates probed via resonant x-ray scattering
• Insights into the High Temperature Superconducting Cuprates from Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
• Measurement of the dynamic charge response of materials using low-energy, momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (M-EELS)
• Evidence for a Vestigial Nematic State in the Cuprate Pseudogap Phase
• Charge order at high temperature in cuprate superconductors
• Intermediate Coupling Model of the Cuprates
• Impact of Quenched Oxygen Disorder on Charge Density Wave Order in YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{6+x}$
• Effect of magnetic field on competition between superconductivity and charge order below the pseudogap state
• Crossover of Charge Fluctuations across the Strange Metal Phase Diagram
• Orbital symmetry of charge density wave order in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O6.67
• Generic character of charge and spin density waves in superconducting cuprates
• Friedel Oscillations as a Probe of Fermionic Quasiparticles
• Vanishing nematic order beyond the pseudogap phase in overdoped cuprate superconductors
• Can deeply underdoped superconducting cuprates be topological superconductors?
• Composite charge order in the pseudogap region of the cuprates
• Picometer Registration of Zinc Impurity States in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d for Phase Determination in Intra-unit-cell Fourier Transform STM
• On infrared pseudogap in cuprate and pnictide high-temperature superconductors
• Universal Disorder in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
• Universality of scanning tunneling microscopy in cuprate superconductors
• Polar Kerr effect from chiral-nematic charge order
• The Valence Transition Model of Pseudogap, Charge-Order and Superconductivity in Electron- and Hole-Doped Copper Oxides
• Direct Connection between Mott Insulator and d-Wave High-Temperature Superconductor Revealed by Continuous Evolution of Self-Energy Poles
• Generalization of Anderson's Theorem for Disordered Superconductors
• Exploring Quasiparticles in High-Tc Cuprates Through Photoemission, Tunneling, and X-ray Scattering Experiments
• Staggered Flux State in Two-Dimensional Hubbard Models
• Holographic Maps of Quasiparticle Interference
• Effect of realistic out-of-plane dopant potentials on the superfluid density of overdoped cuprates
• Strong correlations generically protect d-wave superconductivity against disorder
• Tuning charge density wave order and structure via uniaxial stress in a stripe-ordered cuprate superconductor
• Design and performance of an ultrahigh vacuum spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscope with a hybrid vibration isolation system
• Multilayered cuprate superconductor Ba${}_2$Ca${}_5$Cu${}_6$O${}_{12}$(O${}_{1-x}$,F${}_x$)${}_2$ studied by temperature-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy
• Extremely correlated fermi liquid of $t$-$J$ model in two dimensions
• Quasiparticle interference and the interplay between superconductivity and density wave order in the cuprates
• Tunneling probe of fluctuating superconductivity in disordered thin films
• Quasi-Particle Interference Probe of the Self-Energy
• The Transformation of the Superconducting Gap to an Insulating Pseudogap at a Critical Hole Density in the Cuprates
• The significance of "stripes" in the physics of the cuprates, the Hubbard model, and other highly correlated electronic systems
• Optically active Higgs and Leggett modes in multiband pair-density-wave superconductors with Lifshitz invariant
• Mottness-induced healing in strongly correlated superconductors
• Pseudogap-induced asymmetric tunneling in cuprate superconductors
• Electronic structure of topological defects in the pair density wave superconductor
• Theory of anisotropic elastoresistivity of two-dimensional extremely strongly correlated metals
• Theory of Josephson scanning microscopy with $s$-wave tip on unconventional superconducting surface: application to Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$
• The k-space Origins of Scattering in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
• The Low-Temperature Phenomenology of Gap Inhomogeneity in the Cuprate Superconductors: High-Energy Granularity, Low-Energy Homogeneity, and Spectral Kinks
• Raman Response of the Charge Density Wave in Cuprate Superconductors
• Equal contribution of even and odd frequency pairing to transport across normal metal-superconductor junctions
• Hidden Universal Metal in Cuprate Superconductors
• Resonant X-Ray Scattering Investigations of Charge Density Wave and Nematic Orders in Cuprate Superconductors
• "Half-Bogoliubons" as the intermediate states for the phase coherence in underdoped cuprates
• Anomalous dispersion relations in the staggered flux state