Charge order at high temperature in cuprate superconductors

Abstract

The presence of different electronic orders other than superconductivity populating the phase diagram of cuprates suggests that they might be the key to disclose the mysteries of this class of materials. In particular charge order in the form of charge density waves (CDW), i.e., the incommensurate modulation of electron density in the CuO${}_2$ planes, is ubiquitous across different families and presents a clear interplay with superconductivity. Until recently, CDW had been found to be confined inside a rather small region of the phase diagram, below the pseudogap temperature and the optimal doping. This occurrence might shed doubts on the possibility that such "low temperature phenomenon" actually rules the properties of cuprates either in the normal or in the superconducting states. However, recent resonant X-ray scattering (RXS) experiments are overturning this paradigm. It results that very short-ranged charge modulations permeate a much wider region of the phase diagram, coexisting with CDW at lower temperatures and persisting up to temperatures well above the pseudogap opening. Here we review the characteristics of these high temperature charge modulations, which are present in several cuprate families, with similarities and differences. A particular emphasis is put on their dynamical character and on their coupling to lattice and magnetic excitations, properties that can be determined with high resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS).

arXiv comment17 pages, 8 figures. Invited paper on the JPSJ Special Issue "Charge orders and fluctuations in high-Tc cuprates"

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• Possible enhancement of the superconducting $T_c$ due to sharp Kohn-like soft phonon anomalies
• Tunable non-Fermi liquid phase from coupling to two-level systems
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• Identification of a Critical Doping for Charge Order Phenomena in Bi-2212 Cuprates via RIXS
• Doping-dependence of the electron-phonon coupling in two families of bilayer superconducting cuprates
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