Universal relaxation in a holographic metallic density wave phase

Abstract

In this work, we uncover a universal relaxation mechanism of pinned density waves, combining Gauge/Gravity duality and effective field theory techniques. Upon breaking translations spontaneously, new gapless collective modes emerge, the Nambu-Goldstone bosons of broken translations. When translations are also weakly broken (eg by disorder or lattice effects), these phonons are pinned with a mass $m$ and damped at a rate $\Omega$, which we explicitly compute. This contribution to $\Omega$ is distinct from that of topological defects. We show that $\Omega \simeq G{m}^2\Xi$, where $G$ is the shear modulus and $\Xi$ is related to a diffusivity of the purely spontaneous state. This result follows from the smallness of the bulk and shear moduli, as would be the case in a phase with fluctuating translational order. At low temperatures, the collective modes relax quickly into the heat current, so that late time transport is dominated by the thermal diffusivity. In this regime, the resistivity in our model is linear in temperature and the ac conductivity displays a significant rearranging of the degrees of freedom, as spectral weight is shifted from an off-axis, pinning peak to a Drude-like peak. These results could shed light on transport properties in cuprate high $T_c$ superconductors, where quantum critical behavior and translational order occur over large parts of the phase diagram and transport shows qualitatively similar features.

arXiv commentv3: Presentation improved, new technical appendices, version accepted for publication in PRL. v2: Significantly improved discussion of phonon relaxation, new appendix added, some material moved to arXiv:1904.11445. v1: 14+6 pages, many figures

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