Direct phase-sensitive identification of a d-form factor density wave in underdoped cuprates

Abstract

The identity of the fundamental broken symmetry (if any) in the underdoped cuprates is unresolved. However, evidence has been accumulating that this state may be an unconventional density wave. Here we carry out site-specific measurements within each CuO${}_2$ unit-cell, segregating the results into three separate electronic structure images containing only the Cu sites (Cu(r)) and only the x/y-axis O sites (O${}_x$(r) and O${}_y$(r)). Phase resolved Fourier analysis reveals directly that the modulations in the O${}_x$(r) and O${}_y$(r) sublattice images consistently exhibit a relative phase of $\pi$. We confirm this discovery on two highly distinct cuprate compounds, ruling out tunnel matrix-element and materials specific systematics. These observations demonstrate by direct sublattice phase-resolved visualization that the density wave found in underdoped cuprates consists of modulations of the intra-unit-cell states that exhibit a predominantly d-symmetry form factor.

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• Discovery of a pair density wave state in a monolayer high-Tc iron-based superconductor
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• Competition among various charge-inhomogeneous states and d-wave superconducting state in Hubbard models on square lattices
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• Evolution of Pairing Orders between Pseudogap and Superconducting Phases of Cuprate Superconductors
• Bipartite electronic superstructures in the vortex core of Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$
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• Competing Unconventional Charge-Density-Wave States in Cuprate Superconductors: Spin-Fluctuation-Driven Mechanism
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• The enigma of the pseudogap phase of the cuprate superconductors
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• Pseudogap and Fermi-arcs in underdoped cuprates
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• Interplay Between $d$-wave Superconductivity and a Bond Density Wave in the one-band Hubbard model
• Superconductivity from a confinement transition out of a fractionalized Fermi liquid with ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ topological and Ising-nematic orders
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• Selection rules for quasiparticle interference with internal nonsymmorphic symmetries
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