Pseudogap from ARPES experiment: three gaps in cuprates and topological superconductivity

Abstract

A term first coined by Mott back in 1968 a `pseudogap' is the depletion of the electronic density of states at the Fermi level, and pseudogaps have been observed in many systems. However, since the discovery of the high temperature superconductors (HTSC) in 1986, the central role attributed to the pseudogap in these systems has meant that by many researchers now associate the term pseudogap exclusively with the HTSC phenomenon. Recently, the problem has got a lot of new attention with the rediscovery of two distinct energy scales (`two-gap scenario') and charge density waves patterns in the cuprates. Despite many excellent reviews on the pseudogap phenomenon in HTSC, published from its very discovery up to now, the mechanism of the pseudogap and its relation to superconductivity are still open questions. The present review represents a contribution dealing with the pseudogap, focusing on results from angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and ends up with the conclusion that the pseudogap in cuprates is a complex phenomenon which includes at least three different `intertwined' orders: spin and charge density waves and preformed pairs, which appears in different parts of the phase diagram. The density waves in cuprates are competing to superconductivity for the electronic states but, on the other hand, should drive the electronic structure to vicinity of Lifshitz transition, that could be a key similarity between the superconducting cuprates and iron based superconductors. One may also note that since the pseudogap in cuprates has multiple origins there is no need to recoin the term suggested by Mott.

invited review, more info at http://www.imp.kiev.ua/~kord

References in corpus (59)

• Direct observation of competition between superconductivity and charge density wave order in YBa2Cu3Oy
• Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of high-temperature superconductors
• Fermi surface nesting and the origin of Charge Density Waves in metals
• To What Extent Iron-Pnictide New Superconductors Have Been Clarified: A Progress Report
• A `checkerboard' electronic crystal state in lightly hole-doped Ca_{2-x}Na_{x}CuO_{2}Cl_{2}
• Inelastic Light Scattering From Correlated Electrons
• An Intrinsic Bond-Centered Electronic Glass with Unidirectional Domains in Underdoped Cuprates
• Evidence for an excitonic insulator phase in 1T-TiSe${}_2$
• Magnetic order in the pseudogap phase of high-$T_C$ superconductors
• Lattice symmetry breaking in cuprate superconductors: Stripes, nematics, and superconductivity
• Nematic and meta-nematic transitions in the iron pnictides
• Quantum phase transitions of metals in two spatial dimensions: II. Spin density wave order
• Two Gaps Make a High Temperature Superconductor?
• Distinct Fermi-Momentum Dependent Energy Gaps in Deeply Underdoped Bi2212
• Energy gaps in high-transition temperature cuprate superconductors
• Two Energy Scales and two Quasiparticle Dynamics in the Superconducting State of Underdoped Cuprates
• Direct evidence for a competition between the pseudogap and high temperature superconductivity in the cuprates
• The Ground State of the Pseudogap in Cuprate Superconductors
• Direct phase-sensitive identification of a d-form factor density wave in underdoped cuprates
• Iron based superconductors: magnetism, superconductivity and electronic structure
• Two energy gaps and Fermi surface 'arcs' in NbSe2
• Pseudogap and charge density waves in two dimensions
• Charge density wave fluctuations in La2-xSrxCuO4 and their competition with superconductivity
• Minimal electronic models for superconducting BiS${}_2$ layers
• Quasi-Particle Spectra, Charge-Density-Wave, Superconductivity and Electron-Phonon Coupling in 2H-NbSe2
• Momentum dependence of the superconducting gap in Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• A quantum phase transition from triangular to stripe charge order in NbSe${}_2$
• Tuning the Charge Density Wave and Superconductivity in CuxTaS2
• Modeling the Fermi arc in underdoped cuprates
• Resonant and crossover phenomena in a multiband superconductor tuning the chemical potential near a band edge
• On the Reconstructed Fermi Surface in the Underdoped Cuprates
• On the multi-orbital band structure and itinerant magnetism of iron-based superconductors
• Resonant magnetic excitations at high energy in superconducting $\mathbf{YB}{\mathbf{a}}_2\mathbf{C}{\mathbf{u}}_3{\mathbf{O}}_{6.85}$
• Fermi surface nesting in several transition metal dichalcogenides
• Superconducting Gap and Pseudogap in Iron-Based Layered Superconductor La(O${}_{1-x}$F${}_x$)FeAs
• Measuring the gap in ARPES experiments
• Superconductivity phase diagrams of electron doped cuprates R(2-x)CexCuO4 (R = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu)
• Observation of an Orbital Selective Electron-Mode Coupling in Fe-Based High-$T_c$ Superconductors
• Charge modulation, spin response, and dual Hofstadter butterfly in high-Tc cuprates
• Quantum and Topological Criticalities of Lifshitz Transition in Two-Dimensional Correlated Electron Systems
• Electronic Structure of Electron-doped Sm1.86Ce0.14CuO4: Strong `Pseudo-Gap' Effects, Nodeless Gap and Signatures of Short Range Order
• Gapless superconductivity and the Fermi arc in the cuprates
• The dynamics of a doped hole in cuprates is not controlled by spin fluctuations
• Competition of Fermi surface symmetry breaking and superconductivity
• Temperature dependence of the bulk energy gap in underdoped Bi-2212: Evidence for the mean-field superconducting transition
• Phase diagram for Coulomb-frustrated phase separation in systems with negative short-range compressibility
• ARPES experiment in fermiology of quasi-2D metals (Review Article)
• Non-monotonic pseudo-gap in high-Tc cuprates
• Proximity to Fermi-surface topological change in superconducting LaO0.54F0.46BiS2
• Electronic band structure and momentum dependence of the superconducting gap in (Ca, Na)Fe2As2 from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Temperature-dependent Fermi surface of 2H-TaSe2 driven by competing density wave order fluctuations
• Electrostatic Modulation of the Superfluid Density in a Ultrathin La2-xSrxCuO4 Film
• On infrared pseudogap in cuprate and pnictide high-temperature superconductors
• A crossover in phase diagram of NaFe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$As determined by electronic transport measurements
• Phase-incoherent superconducting pairs in the normal state of Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Pseudogap-less high T${}_c$ superconductivity in BaCo${}_x$Fe${}_{2-x}$As${}_2$
• Reconstruction of the Fermi surface in the pseudogap state of cuprates
• Electronic structure of Pr_{2-x}Ce_xCuO_4 studied via ARPES and LDA+DMFT+Σ_k
• Coexisting pseudogap, charge transfer gap, and Mott gap energy scales in the resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra of electron-doped cuprates

Cited by in corpus (19)

• Possible Fano resonance for high Tc multi-gap superconductivity in p-Terphenyl doped by K at the Lifshitz transition
• Metamorphoses of electronic structure of FeSe-based superconductors (Review article)
• The special role of the first Matsubara frequency for superconductivity near a quantum-critical point -- the non-linear gap equation below $T_c$ and spectral properties in real frequencies
• Spectral functions of Sr${}_2$IrO${}_4$: theory versus experiment
• Umklapp scattering as the origin of $T$-linear resistivity in the normal state of high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductors
• Superconductivity above a quantum critical point in a metal -- gap closing vs gap filling, Fermi arcs, and pseudogap behavior
• Density Waves Cause Sub-Gap Structures but no Pseudogap in Superconducting Cuprates
• Phase Competition and Anomalous Thermal Evolution in High-Temperature Superconductors
• Multilayered cuprate superconductor Ba${}_2$Ca${}_5$Cu${}_6$O${}_{12}$(O${}_{1-x}$,F${}_x$)${}_2$ studied by temperature-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy
• Cuprates phase diagram deduced from magnetic susceptibility: what is the `true' pseudogap line?
• Influence of strong electron irradiation on fluctuation conductivity and pseudogap in YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_7$--$\delta$ single crystals
• Influence of electron irradiation on fluctuation conductivity and pseudogap in $YB{a}_{2}C{u}_3{O}_{7-\delta }$ single crystals
• Study of fluctuation conductivity in YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_7$--$\delta$ films in strong magnetic fields
• Influence of annealing on the electrical resistance of YBCO single crystals
• Multiband Quantum Materials
• Unraveling pairon excitations and the antiferromagnetic contributions in the cuprate specific heat
• Effects of the pseudo-gap on the field-induced kinetic energy density of Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$ single crystals
• Evolution of the pseudogap and excess conductivity of YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{7-\delta }$ single crystals in the course of long-term aging
• Hydrostatic pressure effect on the pseudogap in Y0.77Pr0.23Ba2Cu3O7-δsingle crystals