Classification of Charge Density Waves Based on Their Nature

Abstract

The concept of a Charge Density Wave (CDW) permeates much of condensed matter physics and chemistry. Conceptually, CDWs have their origin rooted in the instability of a one-dimensional system described by Peierls. The extension of this concept to reduced dimensional systems has led to the concept of Fermi surface nesting (FSN), which dictates the wave vector q_cdw of the CDW and the corresponding lattice distortion. The idea is that segments of the Fermi contours are connected by q_cdw, resulting in the effective screening of phonons inducing Kohn Anomalies in their dispersion at q_cdw, driving a lattice restructuring at low temperatures. There is growing theoretical and experimental evidence that this picture fails in many real systems and in fact it is the momentum dependence of the electron-phonon coupling (EPC) matrix element that determines the characteristic of CDW phase (q_cdw). Here, based on the published results for the prototypical CDW system 2H-NbSe2, we show how well the q-dependent EPC matrix element, but not the FSN, can describe the origin of CDW. We further demonstrate a procedure of combing electronic band and phonon (dispersion and linewidth) measurements to extract the EPC matrix element, allowing the electronic states involved in the EPC to be identified. Thus we show that a large EPC does not necessarily induce the CDW phase, with Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (Bi2212) as the example, and the charge ordered phenomena observed in various cuprates are not driven by FSN or EPC. To experimentally resolve the microscopic picture of EPC will lead to a fundamental change in the way we think about, write about, and classify Charge Density Waves.

References in corpus (25)

• How to detect fluctuating order in the high-temperature superconductors
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• Direct observation of competition between superconductivity and charge density wave order in YBa2Cu3Oy
• A Four-Unit-Cell Periodic Pattern of Quasiparticle States Surrounding Vortex Cores in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d
• Fermi surface nesting and the origin of Charge Density Waves in metals
• Ubiquitous Interplay between Charge Ordering and High-Temperature Superconductivity in Cuprates
• Charge order driven by Fermi-arc instability in Bi2201
• Charge density wave origin of cuprate checkerboard visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy
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• Fermi Surface Nesting and the Origin of the Charge Density Wave in NbSe${}_2$
• Phenomenological Models for the Gap Anisotropy of Bi-2212 as Measured by ARPES
• Giant phonon anomalies and central peak due to charge density wave formation in YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{6.6}$
• Direct phase-sensitive identification of a d-form factor density wave in underdoped cuprates
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• Effect of dimensionality on the charge-density-wave in few-layers 2H-NbSe${}_2$
• Two energy gaps and Fermi surface 'arcs' in NbSe2
• Pseudogap and charge density waves in two dimensions
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• A quantum phase transition from triangular to stripe charge order in NbSe${}_2$
• Fermi surface nesting in several transition metal dichalcogenides
• Direct observation of bulk charge modulations in optimally-doped Bi${}_{1.5}$Pb${}_{0.6}$Sr${}_{1.54}$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$
• An inelastic x-ray study of phonon broadening and charge density wave formation in ortho-II ordered YBa2Cu3O6.54
• Optic phonons and the soft mode in 2H-NbSe2
• Direct Determination of Electron-Phonon Coupling Matrix Element in a Correlated System
• Visualizing the Charge Density Wave Transition in 2H-NbSe2 in Real Space

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