Spontaneous fourfold-symmetry breaking driven by electron-lattice coupling and strong correlations in high-$T_c$ cuprates

Abstract

Using dynamical-mean-field theory for clusters, we study the two-dimensional Hubbard model in which electrons are coupled with the orthorhombic lattice distortions through the modulation in the hopping matrix. Instability towards spontaneous symmetry breaking from a tetragonal symmetric phase to an orthorhombic distorted phase is examined as a function of doping and interaction strength. A very strong instability is found in the underdoped pseudogap regime when the interaction strength is large enough to yield the Mott insulating phase at half filling. The symmetry breaking accompanies the recovery of quasiparticle weights along one of the two antinodal directions, leading to the characteristic Fermi arc reconnection. We discuss the implications of our results to the fourfold symmetry breaking reported in systems where the underlying crystal does not have any structural anisotropy.

6 pages with 4 figures

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• Multi-orbital cluster dynamical mean-field theory with an improved continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo algorithm
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• Nematicity in the pseudogap state of cuprate superconductors revealed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Is there any hidden symmetry in the stripe structure of perovskite high temperature superconductors?
• Competing striped structures in La2CuO4+y
• Theoretical insights into electronic nematic order, bond-charge orders, and plasmons in cuprate superconductors
• Electronic nematic phase transition in the presence of anisotropy
• Charge and current orders in the spin-fermion model with overlapping hot spots