Microscopic mechanism for fluctuating pair density wave

Abstract

In weakly coupled BCS superconductors, only electrons within a tiny energy window around the Fermi energy, $E_F$, form Cooper pairs. This may not be the case in strong coupling superconductors such as cuprates, FeSe, SrTiO${}_3$ or cold atom condensates where the pairing scale, $E_B$, becomes comparable or even larger than $E_F$. In cuprates, for example, a plausible candidate for the pseudogap state at low doping is a fluctuating pair density wave, but no microscopic model has yet been found which supports such a state. In this work, we write an analytically solvable model to examine pairing phases in the strongly coupled regime and in the presence of anisotropic interactions. Already for moderate coupling we find an unusual finite temperature phase, below an instability temperature $T_i$, where local pair correlations have non-zero center-of-mass momentum but lack long-range order. At low temperature, this fluctuating pair density wave can condense either to a uniform $d$-wave superconductor or the widely postulated pair-density wave phase depending on the interaction strength. Our minimal model offers a unified microscopic framework to understand the emergence of both fluctuating and long range pair density waves in realistic systems.

13 pages, 6 figures including Supplemental Material

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Cited by in corpus (19)

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• Self-consistent theory of $2\times 2$ pair density waves in kagome superconductors
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• Nematic Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces from magnetic toroidal order in FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$
• Quantum geometric superfluid weight in multiband superconductors: A microscopic interpretation
• Fragmented superconductivity in the Hubbard model as solitons in Ginzburg-Landau theory
• Flat-band Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State from Quantum Geometric Discrepancy
• Pair density wave characterized by a hidden string order parameter
• Superconducting fluctuations and charge-4$e$ plaquette state at strong coupling
• Superconductivity and pair density waves from nearest-neighbor interactions in frustrated lattice geometries
• Optically active Higgs and Leggett modes in multiband pair-density-wave superconductors with Lifshitz invariant
• Strong pair-density-wave fluctuations in an exactly solvable doped Mott insulator
• Vestigial $d$-wave charge-$4e$ Superconductivity from Bidirectional Pair Density Waves
• Efficiency of the superconducting diode effect of pair-density-wave states in two-dimensional $d$-wave altermagnets
• Pair-density-wave phase of strongly interacting electrons on the triangular lattice: A variational Monte Carlo study
• Competing pair density wave orders in the square lattice $t$-$J$ model
• Spin-triplet pair density wave superconductors
• Anomalous Superfluid Density in Pair-Density-Wave Superconductors