Andreev reflection and Klein tunneling in graphene
arXiv:0710.3848 · doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.80.1337
Abstract
This is a colloquium-style introduction to two electronic processes in a carbon monolayer (graphene), each having an analogue in relativistic quantum mechanics. Both processes couple electron-like and hole-like states, through the action of either a superconducting pair potential or an electrostatic potential. The first process, Andreev reflection, is the electron-to-hole conversion at the interface with a superconductor. The second process, Klein tunneling, is the tunneling through a p-n junction. Existing and proposed experiments on Josephson junctions and bipolar junctions in graphene are discussed from a unified perspective. CONTENTS: I. INTRODUCTION II. BASIC PHYSICS OF GRAPHENE (Dirac equation; Time reversal symmetry; Boundary conditions; Pseudo-diffusive dynamics) III. ANDREEV REFLECTION (Electron-hole conversion; Retro-reflection vs. specular reflection; Dirac-Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation; Josephson junctions; Further reading) IV. KLEIN TUNNELING (Absence of backscattering; Bipolar junctions; Magnetic field effects; Further reading) V. ANALOGIES (Mapping between NS and p-n junction; Retro-reflection vs. negative refraction; Valley-isospin dependent quantum Hall effect; Pseudo-superconductivity)
20 pages, 28 figures; "Colloquium" for Reviews of Modern Physics
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- Graphene under hydrostatic pressure
- Electronic transport properties of graphene nanoribbons
- Dirac-point engineering and topological phase transitions in honeycomb optical lattices
- Electrostatic confinement of electrons in an integrable graphene quantum dot
- Atomic collapse, Lorentz boosts, Klein scattering, and other quantum-relativistic phenomena in graphene
- Character of electronic states in graphene antidot lattices: Flat bands and spatial localization
- Electron optics with magnetic vector potential barriers in graphene
- Scattering in one-dimensional heterostructures described by the Dirac equation
- Andreev reflection in graphene nanoribbons
- Finite difference method for transport properties of massless Dirac fermions
- Design of electron wave filters in monolayer graphene by tunable transmission gap
- Conformal mapping and shot noise in graphene
- Detecting entangled states in graphene via crossed Andreev reflection
- Dirac electrons in graphene-based quantum wires and quantum dots
- Tunneling of Dirac electrons through spatial regions of finite mass
- Edge states interferometry and spin rotations in zigzag graphene nanoribbons
- Transmission gap, Bragg-like reflection, and Goos-Hänchen shifts near the Dirac point inside a negative-zero-positive index metamaterial slab
- Dirac fermion quantization on graphene edges: Isospin-orbit coupling, zero modes and spontaneous valley polarization
- Magnetic field induced semimetal-to-canted-antiferromagnet transition on the honeycomb lattice
- Electron Flow in Circular n-p Junctions of Bilayer Graphene
- What can we learn about the dynamics of transported spins by measuring shot noise in spin-orbit-coupled nanostructures?
- Graphene Andreev Billiards