Reflectionless Klein tunneling of Dirac fermions: Comparison of split-operator and staggered-lattice discretization of the Dirac equation

Abstract

Massless Dirac fermions in an electric field propagate along the field lines without backscattering, due to the combination of spin-momentum locking and spin conservation. This phenomenon, known as "Klein tunneling", may be lost if the Dirac equation is discretized in space and time, because of scattering between multiple Dirac cones in the Brillouin zone. To avoid this, a staggered space-time lattice discretization has been developed in the literature, with one single Dirac cone in the Brillouin zone of the original square lattice. Here we show that the staggering doubles the size of the Brillouin zone, which actually contains two Dirac cones. We find that this fermion doubling causes a spurious breakdown of Klein tunneling, which can be avoided by an alternative single-cone discretization scheme based on a split-operator approach.

arXiv commentv1: first submission; v2: added appendix with gap opening calculation; v3: added appendix that compares staggered fermions with naive fermions; revised title, the original title was "Brillouin zone doubling causes fermion doubling for a staggered lattice discretization of the Dirac equation"; to appear in the JPCM special Issue on "Electron quantum optics in Dirac materials"

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Cited by in corpus (2)

• Tangent fermions: Dirac or Majorana fermions on a lattice without fermion doubling
• Massless Dirac fermions on a space-time lattice with a topologically protected Dirac cone