Electronic properties of graphene: a perspective from scanning tunneling microscopy and magneto-transport

Abstract

This review covers recent experimental progress in probing the electronic properties of graphene and how they are influenced by various substrates, by the presence of a magnetic field and by the proximity to a superconductor. The focus is on results obtained using scanning tunneling microscopy, spectroscopy, transport and magneto-transport techniques.

arXiv comment79 pages, 48 figures

References in corpus (142)

• Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
• The electronic properties of graphene
• Two-Dimensional Gas of Massless Dirac Fermions in Graphene
• The Raman Fingerprint of Graphene
• Experimental Observation of Quantum Hall Effect and Berry's Phase in Graphene
• Two Dimensional Atomic Crystals
• Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils
• Universal Dynamic Conductivity and Quantized Visible Opacity of Suspended Graphene
• 30 inch Roll-Based Production of High-Quality Graphene Films for Flexible Transparent Electrodes
• Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene
• Detection of Individual Gas Molecules Absorbed on Graphene
• High yield production of graphene by liquid phase exfoliation of graphite
• Berry Phase Effects on Electronic Properties
• The structure of suspended graphene sheets
• Ultrathin epitaxial graphite: 2D electron gas properties and a route toward graphene-based nanoelectronics
• Giant Intrinsic Carrier Mobilities in Graphene and Its Bilayer
• Suspended Graphene: a bridge to the Dirac point
• Impermeable Atomic Membranes from Graphene Sheets
• Unconventional quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase of 2pi in bilayer graphene
• Making graphene visible
• Intrinsic ripples in graphene
• Dielectric function, screening, and plasmons in 2D graphene
• Observation of Electron-Hole Puddles in Graphene Using a Scanning Single Electron Transistor
• Graphene-Based Liquid Crystal Device
• Graphene bilayer with a twist: electronic structure
• Charged Impurity Scattering in Graphene
• Atomic Structure of Graphene on SiO2
• STM Spectroscopy of ultra-flat graphene on hexagonal boron nitride
• Andreev reflection and Klein tunneling in graphene
• Carrier transport in 2D graphene layers
• Observation of Van Hove singularities in twisted graphene layers
• Bipolar supercurrent in graphene
• Quantum interference and Klein tunneling in graphene heterojunctions
• Properties of Graphene: A Theoretical Perspective
• Quasi-free Standing Epitaxial Graphene on SiC by Hydrogen Intercalation
• Veselago Lens for Electrons: Focusing and Caustics in Graphene p-n Junctions
• Observation of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
• Measurement of Scattering Rate and Minimum Conductivity in Graphene
• Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of high-temperature superconductors
• Colloquium: The transport properties of graphene: An introduction
• Electronic Properties of Graphene in a Strong Magnetic Field
• Fractional quantum Hall effect and insulating phase of Dirac electrons in graphene
• Graphene for Controlled and Accelerated Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
• Visualizing Individual Nitrogen Dopants in Monolayer Graphene
• Quantum-limited shot noise in graphene
• Raman Fingerprint of Charged Impurities in Graphene
• Dirac cones reshaped by interaction effects in suspended graphene
• Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism in Graphene
• Landau Level Splitting in Graphene in High Magnetic Fields
• Origin of Spatial Charge Inhomogeneity in Graphene
• Specular Andreev reflection in graphene
• Localization of Dirac electrons by Moire patterns in graphene bilayers
• Electronic states and Landau levels in graphene stacks
• Single Layer Behavior and Its Breakdown in Twisted Graphene Layers
• Periodically rippled graphene: growth and spatially resolved electronic structure
• Current-induced cleaning of graphene
• High-Resolution Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Imaging of Mesoscopic Graphene Sheets on an Insulating Surface
• Landau level spectroscopy of ultrathin graphite layers
• Infrared spectroscopy of Landau levels in graphene
• Electronic transport in graphene: A semi-classical approach including midgap states
• Unusual Microwave Response of Dirac Quasiparticles in Graphene
• Electron scattering on microscopic corrugations in graphene
• Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Graphene on Graphite
• Multicomponent fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene
• Commensuration and Interlayer Coherence in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
• Electronic structure of turbostratic graphene
• Giant Phonon-induced Conductance in Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Gate-tunable Graphene
• Marginal Fermi liquid behavior from 2d Coulomb interaction
• Landau Quantization of Massless Dirac Fermions in Topological Insulator
• Intrinsic and extrinsic corrugation of monolayer graphene deposited on SiO2
• Observation of Landau levels of Dirac fermions in graphite
• Josephson effect in ballistic graphene
• The zero-energy state in graphene in a high magnetic field
• Electronic Structure of Few-Layer Graphene: Experimental Demonstration of Strong Dependence on Stacking Sequence
• Cyclotron Resonance study of the electron and hole velocity in graphene monolayers
• Visibility of graphene flakes on a dielectric substrate
• Dissipative Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene near the Dirac Point
• Josephson Current and Multiple Andreev Reflections in Graphene SNS Junctions
• Graphene Spin Transistor
• Momentum-Resolved Landau-Level Spectroscopy of Dirac Surface State in Bi2Se3
• Existence and topological stability of Fermi points in multilayered graphene
• Graphene integer quantum Hall effect in the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic regimes
• Pseudospin Magnetism in Graphene
• Atomic Collapse and Quasi-Rydberg States in Graphene
• Electron-electron interactions in graphene sheets
• Observation of Dirac Cone Electronic Dispersion in BaFe2As2
• How perfect can graphene be?
• Coulomb Interactions and Ferromagnetism in Pure and Doped Graphene
• Unconventional quasiparticle lifetime in graphite
• Moire Butterflies
• Technique for the Dry Transfer of Epitaxial Graphene onto Arbitrary Substrates
• Velocity Renormalization and Carrier Lifetime in Graphene from Electron-Phonon Interaction
• Chirality and Correlations in Graphene
• Collective Modes and Skyrmion Excitations in Graphene SU(4) Quantum Hall Ferromagnets
• Electron-Phonon Interactions in Graphene, Bilayer Graphene, and Graphite
• Quasiparticle Chirality in Epitaxial Graphene Probed at the Nanometer Scale
• Voltage and temperature dependencies of conductivity in gated graphene
• Gap opening in the zeroth Landau level of graphene
• Evolution of Microscopic Localization in Graphene in a Magnetic Field from Scattering Resonances to Quantum Dots
• Electrostatic interactions between graphene layers and their environment
• Band Symmetries and Singularities in Twisted Multilayer Graphene
• Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
• Minimal conductivity in bilayer graphene
• The effective fine structure constant of freestanding graphene measured in graphite
• Topologically Protected Zero Modes in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
• Divergent resistance at the Dirac point in graphene: Evidence for a transition in a high magnetic field
• Quantized Landau level spectrum and its density dependence
• Density dependent exchange contribution to $\partial \mu /\partial n$ in extrinsic graphene
• Phonon mediated tunneling into graphene
• Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
• Proximity Effect and Multiple Andreev Reflections in Diffusive SNS Junctions
• High Resolution Spectroscopy of Two-Dimensional Electron Systems
• Conformal Invariance and Shape-Dependent Conductance of Graphene Samples
• Magnetoconductance Oscillations in High-Mobility Suspended Bilayer and Trilayer Graphene
• SU(4) composite fermions in graphene: New fractional quantum Hall states
• Charge redistribution and interlayer coupling in twisted bilayer graphene under electric fields
• Analysis of a SU(4) generalization of Halperin's wave function as an approach towards a SU(4) fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene sheets
• Temperature dependence of the conductivity of ballistic graphene
• Multi-component magneto-optical conductivity of multilayer graphene on SiC
• Dynamics in the quantum Hall effect and the phase diagram of graphene
• Nodal liquid and s-wave superconductivity in transition metal dichalcogenides
• Coulomb interacting Dirac fermions in disordered graphene
• Subharmonic gap structure in short ballistic graphene junctions
• Scanning gate microscopy of current-annealed single layer graphene
• Electron-Phonon Interactions for Optical Phonon Modes in Few-Layer Graphene
• Mobility gap in fractional quantum Hall liquids: Effects of disorder and layer thickness
• Electrical transport and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy of microsoldered graphene
• Composite Dirac fermions in graphene
• Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Suspended Graphene: Transport Coefficients and Electron Interaction Strength
• Angle Dependence of Landau Level Spectrum in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
• Magnetoelectric coupling, Berry phase, and Landau level dispersion in a biased bilayer graphene
• Supersymmetry and Correlated Electrons in Graphene Quantum Hall Effect
• Skyrme and Wigner crystals in graphene
• Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Two-Terminal Measurements on Suspended Graphene
• Self-navigation of STM tip toward a micron sized sample
• Band Collapse and the Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
• Landau Quantization in Twisted Bilayer Graphenes: the Dirac Comb
• Local density of states of electron-crystal phases in graphene in the quantum Hall regime
• Self-consistent calculation of electric potentials in Hall devices
• Theory of the quantum Hall effect in graphene
• Quantum site percolation on triangular lattice and the integer quantum Hall effect
• Electron pockets and pseudogap Dirac point in underdoped cuprate superconductors

Cited by in corpus (84)

• The electronic properties of bilayer graphene
• Graphene Bilayers with a Twist
• Electronic and optical properties of strained graphene and other strained 2D materials: a review
• Artificial graphene as a tunable Dirac material
• Novel effects of strains in graphene and other two dimensional materials
• Bandgap and doping effects in MoS2 measured by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
• Topologically Protected Helical States in Minimally Twisted Bilayer Graphene
• Valley-Spin Polarization in the Magneto-Optical Response of Silicene and Other Similar 2D Crystals
• Strain-induced Evolution of Electronic Band Structures in a Twisted Graphene Bilayer
• Evidence of Flat Bands and Correlated States in Buckled Graphene Superlattices
• High Thermoelectric Power Factor in Graphene/hBN Devices
• Visualizing Strain-induced Pseudo magnetic Fields in Graphene through an hBN Magnifying Glass
• Magneto-Optical Conductivity of Silicene and Other Buckled Honeycomb Lattices
• Realization of a Tunable Artificial Atom at a Supercritically Charged Vacancy in Graphene
• Tuning a Circular p-n Junction in Graphene from Quantum Confinement to Optical Guiding
• Electronic Band Dispersion of Graphene Nanoribbons via Fourier-Transformed Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy
• Graphene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Induced Superconductivity in Graphene Grown on Rhenium
• Imaging tunable quantum Hall broken-symmetry orders in graphene
• MoS2: a Choice Substrate for Accessing and Tuning the Electronic Properties of Graphene
• Screening Charged Impurities and Lifting the Orbital Degeneracy in Graphene by Populating Landau Levels
• Tuning the electromagnetic local density of states in graphene-covered systems via strong coupling with graphene plasmons
• Evolution of Landau Levels into Edge States at an Atomically Sharp Edge in Graphene
• Evidence for Superlattice Dirac Points and Space-dependent Fermi Velocity in Corrugated Graphene Monolayer
• Inducing Kondo Screening of Vacancy Magnetic Moments in Graphene with Gating and Local Curvature
• Correlated Dirac Particles and Superconductivity on the Honeycomb Lattice
• Quantum Critical Transition and Kondo Screening of Magnetic Moments in Graphene
• Soliton fractional charges in graphene nanoribbon and polyacetylene: similarities and differences
• Direct growth of mm-size twisted bilayer graphene by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
• Flat band carrier confinement in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
• Local and Global Screening Properties of Graphene Revealed through Landau Level Spectroscopy
• Experimental and theoretical investigation of the thermal effect in the Casimir interaction from graphene
• Electronic Structures of Graphene Layers on Metal Foil: Effect of Point Defects
• Graphene Quantum Strain Transistors
• Observing a scale anomaly and a universal quantum phase transition in graphene
• Negative-curvature spacetime solutions for graphene
• Valley polarization braiding in strained graphene
• The tunnelling spectra of quasi-free-standing graphene monolayer
• Topological and magnetic phase transition in silicene-like zigzag nanoribbons
• Detection of confined current paths on oxide surfaces by local-conductivity atomic force microscopy with atomic resolution
• A low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope capable of microscopy and spectroscopy in a Bitter magnet at up to 34 T
• Magnetic-field-controlled negative differential conductance in graphene npn junction resonators
• Graphene, Dirac equation and analogue gravity
• Chiral interface states in graphene $p$-$n$ junctions
• Removing all periodic boundary conditions: Efficient non-equilibrium Green function calculations
• Absence of edge reconstruction for quantum Hall edge channels in graphene devices
• Membrane amplitude and triaxial stress in twisted bilayer graphene deciphered using first-principles directed elasticity theory and scanning tunneling microscopy
• Majorana bound states in encapsulated bilayer graphene
• Probing crystallinity of graphene samples via the vibrational density of states
• Mapping quantum Hall edge states in graphene by scanning tunneling microscopy
• Nanoscale Probing of Broken-Symmetry States in Graphene Induced by Individual Atomic Impurities
• Fingerprints of a position-dependent Fermi velocity on scanning tunnelling spectra of strained graphene
• Soliton fractional charge of disordered graphene nanoribbon
• Photoinduced valley-polarized current of layered MoS2 by electric tuning
• Photoemission spectra of massless Dirac fermions on the verge of exciton condensation
• Two-electron bound states near a Coulomb impurity in gapped graphene
• Effect of topological defects and Coulomb charge on the low energy quantum dynamics of gapped graphene
• Graphene quantum dots probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and transport spectroscopy after local anodic oxidation
• Quantum interference in a macroscopic van der Waals conductor
• Dirac equation in curved spacetime: the role of local Fermi velocity
• Tunneling Spectroscopy of Graphene using Planar Pb Probes
• Novel graphene/Sn and graphene/SnOx hybrid nanostructures: Induced superconductivity and band gaps revealed by scanning probe measurements
• Topological end states and Zak phase of rectangular armchair ribbon
• Density of states of Dirac-Landau levels in a gapped graphene monolayer under strain gradient
• Proximity-induced superconductivity in Landau-quantized graphene monolayers
• Lévy-Leblond fermions on the wormhole
• New disordered anyon phase of doped graphene zigzag nanoribbon
• Dynamical symmetry breaking in a 2D electron gas with a spectral node
• Interplay of resonant states and Landau levels in functionalized graphene
• Two-parameter scaling theory of transport near a spectral node
• Recent advances of defect-induced spin and valley polarized states in graphene
• Differential entropy per particle as a probe of van Hove singularities and flat bands
• Control of atomic Rydberg states using guided electrons
• Landau quantization near generalized Van Hove singularities: Magnetic breakdown and orbit networks
• Theory for strained graphene beyond the Cauchy-Born rule
• Effect of resonant impurity scattering of carriers on Drude peak broadening in uniaxially strained graphene
• Impurity induced broadening of Drude peak in strained graphene
• Multilayer graphene, Moiré patterns, grain boundaries and defects identified by scanning tunneling microscopy on the m-plane, non-polar surface of SiC
• Gap states and edge properties of rectangular graphene quantum dot in staggered potential
• Realization of room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconducting state in graphene monolayer
• Anomalous Induced Density of Supercritical Coulomb Impurities in Graphene Under Strong Magnetic Fields
• Revealing the impact of ambient molecular contamination on scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of layered materials
• Macroscopic-ranged proximity effect in graphite
• Edge density of bulk states due to relativity