Observation of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene

Abstract

When electrons are confined in two dimensions and subjected to strong magnetic fields, the Coulomb interactions between them become dominant and can lead to novel states of matter such as fractional quantum Hall liquids. In these liquids electrons linked to magnetic flux quanta form complex composite quasipartices, which are manifested in the quantization of the Hall conductivity as rational fractions of the conductance quantum. The recent experimental discovery of an anomalous integer quantum Hall effect in graphene has opened up a new avenue in the study of correlated 2D electronic systems, in which the interacting electron wavefunctions are those of massless chiral fermions. However, due to the prevailing disorder, graphene has thus far exhibited only weak signatures of correlated electron phenomena, despite concerted experimental efforts and intense theoretical interest. Here, we report the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in ultraclean suspended graphene, supporting the existence of strongly correlated electron states in the presence of a magnetic field. In addition, at low carrier density graphene becomes an insulator with an energy gap tunable by magnetic field. These newly discovered quantum states offer the opportunity to study a new state of matter of strongly correlated Dirac fermions in the presence of large magnetic fields.

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• The electronic properties of graphene
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• Tunable Electron Interactions and Fractional Quantum Hall States in Graphene
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• Large low-frequency resistance noise in chemical vapor deposited graphene
• An incompressible state of a photo-excited electron gas
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• The electron many-body problem in graphene
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• Insulating state in low-disorder graphene nanoribbons
• Analysis of Possible Quantum Metastable States in Ballistic Graphene-based Josephson Junctions
• Magnetoplasmons bound to short-range impurities in graphene: Symmetries and optics
• On the supersymmetric pseudo-QED
• Dynamical Mass Generation of Composite Dirac Fermions and Fractional Quantum Hall Effects near Charge Neutrality in Graphene
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• Graphene, Nobel Prize and All that Jazz
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• Fractional quantum Hall effect in strained graphene: stability of Laughlin states in disordered (pseudo)magnetic fields
• The selection rule of graphene in a composite magnetic field
• Adiabatic Continuity of the Spinful Quantum Hall States
• Fractional quantum Hall effect in bilayer graphene beyond the single Landau level approximation
• Three-component fractional quantum Hall effect in topological flat bands
• Strongly interacting Hofstadter states in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
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• Anomalous Transport Gaps of Fractional Quantum Hall Phases in Graphene Landau Levels are Induced by Spin-Valley Entangled Ground States
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• Density dependence of the excitation gaps in an undoped Si/SiGe double-quantum-well heterostructure
• Bosonic Halperin fractional quantum Hall effect at filling factor $\nu =2/5$
• Hydrodynamic study of edge spin-vortex excitations of fractional quantum Hall fluid
• Observation of magnetic fragmentation in spin ice
• Detecting degeneracy and subtle broken-symmetry states of graphene at nanoscale
• Surface Transport and Quantum Hall Effect in Ambipolar Black Phosphorus Double Quantum Wells
• Robust Topological Bound States in the Continuum in a Quantum Hall Bar with an Anti-dot
• The Universal Edge Physics in Fractional Quantum Hall Liquids
• High transparency induced superconductivity in field effect two-dimensional electron gases in undoped InAs/AlGaSb surface quantum wells
• Impact of in-situ controlled disorder screening on fractional quantum Hall effects and composite-fermion transport
• Cascade of fractional quantum Hall states in 2D system
• Signatures of Fractional Quantum Hall States in Topological Insulators
• Microwave Imaging of Edge Conductivity in Graphene at Charge Neutrality and Quantum Hall States
• Insulator-Metal Transition and Magnetic Crossover in Bilayer Graphene
• Interaction-driven charge textures and unconventional superconductivity in strained monolayer graphene
• Study of polarization of even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states in SU(4) Graphene
• A study of the magnetotransport properties of the graphene (II. Fractional Quantum Hall Effect)
• The triggering role of carrier mobility in the fractional quantum Hall effect-evidence in graphene
• Edge dependence of the Josephson current in the quantum Hall regime
• Ultrafast zero balance of the oscillator-strength sum rule in graphene
• Nonlinear Optical Conductivity in Graphene and other 2-Band 2-D Materials
• Many-body effects in suspended graphene probed through magneto-phonon resonances
• Bag boundaries for quasispinor confinement within nanolanes on a graphene sheet
• Topological states in double monolayer graphene
• Zone-resolved photoelectronic scoping of the local bonding and electronic dynamics at the graphite skin with and without atomic vacancy and the associated graphene edge states