Magnetic field dependence of the atomic collapse state in graphene

Abstract

Quantum electrodynamics predicts that heavy atoms ($Z>Z_c\approx 170$) will undergo the process of atomic collapse where electrons sink into the positron continuum and a new family of so-called collapsing states emerges. The relativistic electrons in graphene exhibit the same physics but at a much lower critical charge ($Z_c\approx 1$) which has made it possible to confirm this phenomenon experimentally. However, there exist conflicting predictions on the effect of a magnetic field on atomic collapse. These theoretical predictions are based on the continuum Dirac-Weyl equation, which does not have an exact analytical solution for the interplay of a supercritical Coulomb potential and the magnetic field. Approximative solutions have been proposed, but because the two effects compete on similar energy scales, the theoretical treatment varies depending on the regime which is being considered. These limitations are overcome here by starting from a tight-binding approach and computing exact numerical results. By avoiding special limit cases, we found a smooth evolution between the different regimes. We predict that the atomic collapse effect persists even after the magnetic field is activated and that the critical charge remains unchanged. We show that the atomic collapse regime is characterized: 1) by a series of Landau level anticrossings and 2) by the absence of $\sqrt{B}$ scaling of the Landau levels with regard to magnetic field strength.

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• WKB energy levels in gapped graphene under crossed electromagnetic fields
• Electronic and magnetic properties of graphene quantum dots with two charged vacancies
• Anomalous Induced Density of Supercritical Coulomb Impurities in Graphene Under Strong Magnetic Fields
• Pseudospin-one particles in the time-periodic dice lattice: A new approach to transport control