Spatially resolved edge currents and guided-wave electronic states in graphene

Abstract

A far-reaching goal of graphene research is exploiting the unique properties of carriers to realize extreme nonclassical electronic transport. Of particular interest is harnessing wavelike carriers to guide and direct them on submicron scales, similar to light in optical fibers. Such modes, while long anticipated, have never been demonstrated experimentally. In order to explore this behavior, we employ superconducting interferometry in a graphene Josephson junction to reconstruct the real-space supercurrent density using Fourier methods. Our measurements reveal charge flow guided along crystal boundaries close to charge neutrality. We interpret the observed edge currents in terms of guided-wave states, confined to the edge by band bending and transmitted as plane waves. As a direct analog of refraction-based confinement of light in optical fibers, such nonclassical states afford new means for information transduction and processing at the nanoscale.

31 pages, including supplementary materials

References in corpus (21)

• The electronic properties of graphene
• Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics
• Chiral tunneling and the Klein paradox in graphene
• Biased bilayer graphene: semiconductor with a gap tunable by electric field effect
• Gate-induced insulating state in bilayer graphene devices
• Micrometer-scale ballistic transport in encapsulated graphene at room temperature
• Asymmetry gap in the electronic band structure of bilayer graphene
• Quantum interference and Klein tunneling in graphene heterojunctions
• Veselago Lens for Electrons: Focusing and Caustics in Graphene p-n Junctions
• Klein Backscattering and Fabry-Perot Interference in Graphene Heterojunctions
• Gate-controlled Guiding of Electrons in Graphene
• Valley-Hall Kink and Edge States in Multilayer Graphene
• Localized states at zigzag edges of bilayer graphene
• Charge accumulation at the boundaries of a graphene strip induced by a gate voltage: Electrostatic approach
• Fabry-Pérot interference in gapped bilayer graphene with broken anti-Klein tunneling
• Guided modes in graphene waveguides
• Magnetic Interference Patterns and Vortices in Diffusive SNS junctions
• Quantum and classical confinement of resonant states in a trilayer graphene Fabry-Perot interferometer
• Characterizing wave functions in graphene nanodevices: electronic transport through ultrashort graphene constrictions on a boron nitride substrate
• Visualization of phase-coherent electron interference in a ballistic graphene Josephson junction
• Proximity-induced superconductivity and Josephson critical current in quantum spin Hall systems

Cited by in corpus (84)

• Quantum imaging of current flow in graphene
• Quantum oscillations of the critical current and high-field superconducting proximity in ballistic graphene
• Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots
• Quantum coherent control of a hybrid superconducting circuit made with graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures
• Transparent Semiconductor-Superconductor Interface and Induced Gap in an Epitaxial Heterostructure Josephson Junction
• Edge Transport in the Trivial Phase of InAs/GaSb
• Near-field photocurrent nanoscopy on bare and encapsulated graphene
• Tunnelling Spectroscopy of Andreev States in Graphene
• Ballistic graphene Josephson junctions from the short to the long regime
• Current-phase relations of few-mode InAs nanowire Josephson junctions
• Edge currents shunt the insulating bulk in gapped graphene
• Imaging resonant dissipation from individual atomic defects in graphene
• Supercurrent Flow in Multi-Terminal Graphene Josephson Junctions
• Current-phase relation of ballistic graphene Josephson junctions
• Hydrodynamic approach to two-dimensional electron systems
• Imaging work and dissipation in the quantum Hall state in graphene
• Anomalous Fraunhofer Interference in Epitaxial Superconductor-Semiconductor Josephson Junctions
• Proximity coupling in superconductor-graphene heterostructures
• Long-range nontopological edge currents in charge-neutral graphene
• Electron and phonon properties and gas storage in carbon honeycomb
• Piezoelectricity in planar boron nitride via a geometric phase
• Anomalous Fraunhofer patterns in gated Josephson junctions based on the bulk-insulating topological insulator BiSbTeSe2
• Unconventional Correlation between Quantum Hall Transport Quantization and Bulk State Filling in Gated Graphene Devices
• Tunable Klein-like tunneling of high-temperature superconducting pairs into graphene
• Reducing electronic transport dimension to topological hinge states by increasing geometry size of Dirac semimetal Josephson junctions
• Evidence for a quantum-spin-Hall phase in graphene decorated with Bi2Te3 nanoparticles
• Andreev reflection near the Dirac point at Graphene - NbSe2 junction
• Inter-Landau-level Andreev Reflection at the Dirac Point in a Graphene Quantum Hall State Coupled to a NbSe2 Superconductor
• $h/e$ superconducting quantum interference through trivial edge states in InAs
• Visualization of phase-coherent electron interference in a ballistic graphene Josephson junction
• Creating topological interfaces and detecting chiral edge modes in a 2D optical lattice
• Guiding Dirac fermions in graphene with a carbon nanotube
• Full-scale Simulation of Electron Transport in Nanoporous Graphene: Probing the Talbot Effect
• Signatures of van Hove singularities probed by the supercurrent in a graphene - hBN superlattice
• Planar graphene-NbSe${}_2$ Josephson junctions in a parallel magnetic field
• Edge modes and non local conductance in graphene superlattices
• Magnitude and Spatial Distribution Control of the Supercurrent in Bi2O2Se-Based Josephson Junction
• Controlling supercurrents and their spatial distribution in ferromagnets
• Imaging Andreev Reflection in Graphene
• Robustness and Universality of Surface States in Dirac Materials
• Tailoring supercurrent confinement in graphene bilayer weak links
• Perfect valley filter based on topological phase in disordered $\mathrm{Sb}$ Monolayer Heterostructure
• Tunneling spectroscopy of graphene nanodevices coupled to large-gap superconductors
• Multi-scale approach to first-principles electron transport beyond 100 nm
• Investigation of Supercurrent in the Quantum Hall Regime in Graphene Josephson Junctions
• Superconducting triplet rim currents in a spin-textured ferromagnetic disk
• Chiral interface states in graphene $p$-$n$ junctions
• Two-dimensional Josephson vortex lattice and anomalously slow decay of the Fraunhofer oscillations in a ballistic SNS junction with a warped Fermi surface
• Long-Range Propagation and Interference of $d$-wave Superconducting Pairs in Graphene
• Superconducting Quantum Interference in Edge State Josephson Junctions
• Imaging bulk and edge transport near the Dirac point in graphene moiré superlattices
• Vortex Lattice Structure and Topological Superconductivity in the Quantum Hall Regime
• Magnetic field oscillations of the critical current in long ballistic graphene Josephson junctions
• Robustness of quantized transport through edge states of finite length: Imaging current density in Floquet topological vs. quantum spin and anomalous Hall insulators
• Stokes flow analogous to viscous electron current in graphene
• Signatures of evanescent transport in ballistic suspended graphene superconductor junctions
• Theory of the microwave impedance microscopy of Chern insulators
• Superconducting proximity effect in $d$-wave cuprate/ graphene heterostructures
• A new coupling mechanism between two graphene electron waveguides for ultrafast switching
• Topological Andreev Rectification
• Marginally Self-Averaging One-Dimensional Localization in Bilayer Graphene
• Epitaxial electrical contact to graphene on SiC
• Beyond the effective length: How to analyze magnetic interference patterns of thin-film planar Josephson junctions with finite lateral dimensions
• Magnetic field filtering of the hinge supercurrent in unconventional metal NiTe${}_2$-based Josephson junctions
• Fractional Josephson effect in nonuniformly strained graphene
• Theory of scanning gate microscopy imaging of the supercurrent distribution in a planar Josephson junction
• Supercurrent mediated by helical edge modes in bilayer graphene
• High magnetic field stability in a planar graphene-NbSe${}_2$ SQUID
• 2${\Phi }_0$-periodic magnetic interference in ballistic graphene Josephson junctions
• Proximity-induced superconductivity in Landau-quantized graphene monolayers
• Effects of spin-orbit coupling and in-plane Zeeman fields on the critical current in two-dimensional hole gas SNS junctions
• Tuning the supercurrent distribution in parallel ballistic graphene Josephson junctions
• Anomalous quantum interference effects in graphene SNS junctions due to strain-induced gauge fields
• Electrostatic forces above graphene nanoribbons and edges interpreted as partly hydrogen-free
• In-plane optical phonon modes of current-carrying graphene
• Magnetointerferometry of multiterminal Josephson junctions
• Anomalous magnetic interference of cross-type Josephson junctions exposed to oblique magnetic fields
• Edge dependece of nonlocal transport in gapped bilayer graphene
• Twin lead ballistic conductor based on nanoribbon edge transport
• Persistent current and orbital magnetization along a valley-contrasting junction in bilayer graphene in a magnetic field
• Quantum transport in graphene Hall bars: Effects of side gates
• Giant intrinsic photoresponse in pristine graphene
• Anisotropic supercurrent suppression and revivals in a graphene-based Josephson junction under in-plane magnetic fields
• Diamond-shaped evolution of the superconducting interference pattern in NbTiN weak-link Josephson junctions