First Results from High Angular Resolution ALMA Observations Toward the HL Tau Region

Abstract

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations from the 2014 Long Baseline Campaign in dust continuum and spectral line emission from the HL Tau region. The continuum images at wavelengths of 2.9, 1.3, and 0.87 mm have unprecedented angular resolutions of 0.075 arcseconds (10 AU) to 0.025 arcseconds (3.5 AU), revealing an astonishing level of detail in the circumstellar disk surrounding the young solar analogue HL Tau, with a pattern of bright and dark rings observed at all wavelengths. By fitting ellipses to the most distinct rings, we measure precise values for the disk inclination (46.72pm0.05 degrees) and position angle (+138.02pm0.07 degrees). We obtain a high-fidelity image of the 1.0 mm spectral index ($\alpha$), which ranges from $\alpha \sim 2.0$ in the optically-thick central peak and two brightest rings, increasing to 2.3-3.0 in the dark rings. The dark rings are not devoid of emission, we estimate a grain emissivity index of 0.8 for the innermost dark ring and lower for subsequent dark rings, consistent with some degree of grain growth and evolution. Additional clues that the rings arise from planet formation include an increase in their central offsets with radius and the presence of numerous orbital resonances. At a resolution of 35 AU, we resolve the molecular component of the disk in HCO+ (1-0) which exhibits a pattern over LSR velocities from 2-12 km/s consistent with Keplerian motion around a ~1.3 solar mass star, although complicated by absorption at low blue-shifted velocities. We also serendipitously detect and resolve the nearby protostars XZ Tau (A/B) and LkHa358 at 2.9 mm.

11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

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• Dual-Wavelength ALMA Observations of Dust Rings in Protoplanetary Disks
• Snow-lines can be thermally unstable
• Revealing signatures of planets migrating in protoplanetary discs with ALMA multi-wavelength observations
• From Pebbles and Planetesimals to Planets and Dust: the Protoplanetary Disk--Debris Disk Connection
• X-ray radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks - The role of dust and X-ray background fields
• Structure Formation in a Young Protoplanetary Disk by a Magnetic Disk Wind
• Hunting for planets in the HL Tau disk
• Pileups and Migration Rates for Planets in Low Mass Disks
• Linking long-term planetary $N$-body simulations with periodic orbits: application to white dwarf pollution
• Origin of Misalignments: Protostellar Jet, Outflow, Circumstellar Disc, and Magnetic Field
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Class III Stars: Early Planetesimal Belt Formation and Rapid Disk Dispersal
• Origin of warm and hot gas emission from low-mass protostars: Herschel-HIFI observations of CO J=16-15. I. Line profiles, physical conditions, and H2O abundance
• Multi-frequency Black Hole Imaging for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
• Rotation curves in protoplanetary disks with thermal stratification
• First direct detection of a polarized companion outside of a resolved circumbinary disk around CS Cha
• Pebble drift and planetesimal formation in protoplanetary discs with embedded planets
• exoALMA IV: Substructures, Asymmetries, and the Faint Outer Disk in Continuum Emission
• The ALMA Lupus protoplanetary disk survey: evidence for compact gas disks and molecular rings from CN
• Multi-GPU maximum entropy image synthesis for radio astronomy
• Dust continuum emission and the upper limit fluxes of sub-millimeter water lines of the protoplanetary disk around HD 163296 observed by ALMA
• Zombie Vortex Instability. II. Thresholds to Trigger Instability and the Properties of Zombie Turbulence in the Dead Zones of Protoplanetary Disks
• Herbig Stars: A Quarter Century of Progress
• Dynamical Gaseous Rings in Global Simulations of Protoplanetary Disk Formation
• Super-resolution trends in the ALMA Taurus survey: Structured inner discs and compact discs
• Long lived dust rings around HD169142
• Measuring the Dust Masses of Protoplanetary Disks in Lupus with ALMA: Evidence that Disks can be Optically Thick at 3 mm
• The growth and migration of massive planets under the influence of external photoevaporation
• Observing the linked depletion of dust and CO gas at 0.1-10 au in disks of intermediate-mass stars
• The effect of a strong pressure bump in the Sun's natal disk: Terrestrial planet formation via planetesimal accretion rather than pebble accretion
• The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO): I. Program Overview and Summary of First Results
• On the underestimation of dust mass in protoplanetary disks: Effects of disk structure and dust properties
• Solving grain size inconsistency between ALMA polarization and VLA continuum in the Ophiuchus IRS 48 protoplanetary disk
• Constraining Protoplanetary Disk Accretion and Young Planets Using ALMA Kinematic Observations
• Validating Scattering-Induced (Sub)millimeter Disk Polarization through the Spectral Index, Wavelength-Dependent Polarization Pattern, and Polarization Spectrum: The Case of HD 163296
• The Planetary Luminosity Problem: "Missing Planets" and the Observational Consequences of Episodic Accretion
• A high resolution mid-infrared survey of water emission from protoplanetary disks
• Are the observed gaps in protoplanetary discs caused by growing planets?
• Searching for proto-planets with MUSE
• Survey of Orion Disks with ALMA (SODA) I: Cloud-level demographics of 873 protoplanetary disks
• The Millimeter Continuum Size-Frequency Relationship in the UZ Tau E Disk
• The temporal requirements of directly observing self-gravitating spiral waves in protoplanetary discs with ALMA
• The Origins of Protostellar Core Angular Momenta
• Exploring the link between star and planet formation with Ariel
• Streaming instability of multiple particle species II -- Numerical convergence with increasing particle number
• The maximum accretion rate of a protoplanet: how fast can runaway be?
• Pebble Accretion in Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks
• Organic complexity in protostellar disk candidates
• An HST Survey of Protostellar Outflow Cavities: Does Feedback Clear Envelopes?
• ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT): I. CO, CS, CN, and H2CO around DG Tau B
• 1000 AU Exterior Arcs Connected to the Protoplanetary Disk around HL Tau
• HD 143006: circumbinary planet or misaligned disc?
• The Irradiation Instability of Protoplanetary Disks
• Grain growth for astrophysics with Discontinuous Galerkin schemes
• MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) V. The dust/metallicity-anisotropy of the Circum-Galactic Medium
• A Particle Module for the PLUTO Code: III -- Dust
• The Maximum Mass Solar Nebula and the early formation of planets
• First detection of orbital motion for HD 106906 b: A wide-separation exoplanet on a Planet Nine-like orbit
• JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS). Overview of gaseous molecular emission and absorption in low-mass protostars
• Steepening of the 820 micron continuum surface-brightness profile signals dust evolution in TW Hya's disk
• The Spiral Wave Instability Induced by a Giant Planet: I. Particle Stirring in the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
• Subaru/HiCIAO $H{K}_{\mathrm{s}}$ imaging of LkH$\alpha$ 330 - multi-band detection of the gap and spiral-like structures
• The Observability Of Vortex-Driven Spiral Arms In Protoplanetary Disk: Basic Spiral Properties
• Rocky Planet Formation: Quick and Neat
• Characterization of low-mass companion HD 142527 B
• A single-armed spiral in the protoplanetary disk around HD34282 ?
• Dusty clumps in circumbinary discs
• A gas density drop in the inner 6 AU of the transition disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 139614: Further evidence for a giant planet inside the disk?
• Mapping CO Gas in the GG Tauri A Triple System with 50 AU Spatial Resolution
• Formation of Dust Rings and Gaps in Non-ideal MHD Disks Through Meridional Gas Flows
• ALMA observations require slower Core Accretion runaway growth
• The 1600 Angstrom Emission Bump in Protoplanetary Disks: A Spectral Signature of H${}_2$O Dissociation
• Survival of ALMA Rings in the Absence of Pressure Maxima
• A "Rosetta Stone" for protoplanetary disks: The synergy of multi-wavelength observations
• External photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs: does location matter?
• Early planet formation in embedded protostellar disks: Setting the stage for the first generation of planetesimals
• Probing the cold magnetized Universe with SPICA-POL (B-BOP)
• ISPY-NACO Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars. The demographics of forming planets embedded in protoplanetary disks
• Determining mass limits around HD163296 through SPHERE direct imaging data
• Ring formation by coagulation of dust aggregates in early phase of disk evolution around a protostar
• Spiral structures in gravito-turbulent gaseous disks
• Disk Accretion Driven by Spiral Shocks
• An Observational Study for Grain Dynamics in the AS 209 Disk with Submillimeter Polarization
• Substructures in Compact Disks of the Taurus Star-forming Region
• The Effect of Protoplanetary Disk Cooling Times on the Formation of Gas Giant Planets by Gravitational Instability
• A two-moment radiation hydrodynamics scheme applicable to simulations of planet formation in circumstellar disks
• Impact of Local Pressure Enhancements on Dust Concentration inTurbulent Protoplanetary Discs
• Massive compact dust disk with a gap around CW Tau revealed by ALMA multi-band observations
• Resolved millimeter-dust continuum cavity around the very low mass young star CIDA 1
• Collisions between sintered icy aggregates
• Periodic Eclipses of the Young Star PDS 110 Discovered with WASP and KELT Photometry
• ALMA Band 6 high-resolution observations of the transitional disk around SY Cha
• Meso-scale Instability Triggered by Dust Feedback in Dusty Rings: Origin and Observational Implications
• CO2-rich protoplanetary discs as a probe of dust radial drift & trapping
• Resolved observations of transition disks
• Long live the disk: lifetimes of protoplanetary disks in hierarchical triple star systems and a possible explanation for HD 98800 B
• Formation of Terrestrial Planets
• New constraints on the dust and gas distribution in the LkCa 15 disk from ALMA
• Into the thick of it: ALMA 0.45 mm observations of HL Tau at 2 au resolution
• Modeling planet-induced gaps and rings in ALMA disks: the role of in-plane radiative diffusion
• Changes in the metallicity of gas giant planets due to pebble accretion
• Migration processes in the Solar System and their role in the evolution of the Earth and planets
• Infrared study of transitional disks in Ophiuchus with Herschel
• The Planet Formation Imager
• The interplay between radiation pressure and the photoelectric instability in optically thin disks of gas and dust
• Dusty disc-planet interaction with dust-free simulations
• Effects of Dust Evolution on the Vertical Shear Instability in the Outer Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
• Modeling the nonaxisymmetric structure in the HD 163296 disk with planet-disk interaction
• Resilience of Planetesimal Formation in Weakly-Reinforced Pressure Bumps
• Far and extreme ultraviolet radiation fields and consequent disc destruction in star-forming regions
• Radio Stars: from kHz to THz
• The fate of planetesimals formed at planetary gap edges
• Hot corino chemistry in the Class I binary source Ser-emb 11
• Resolved molecular line observations reveal an inherited molecular layer in the young disk around TMC1A
• The GRAVITY Young Stellar Object Survey. VI. Mapping the variable inner disk of HD 163296 at sub-au scales
• Hunting for wandering massive black holes
• FAUST IX. Multi-band, multi-scale dust study of L1527 IRS. Evidence for dust properties variations within the envelope of a Class 0/I YSO
• Candidate Water Vapor Lines to Locate the ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$ Snowline through High-dispersion Spectroscopic Observations. III. Submillimeter ${\mathrm{H}}_2$${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_2$${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ Lines
• Dust Coagulation Reconciles Protoplanetary Disk Observations with the Vertical Shear Instability. I. Dust Coagulation and the VSI Dead Zone
• Molecular Mapping of DR Tau's Protoplanetary Disk, Envelope, Outflow, and Large-Scale Spiral Arm
• Peter Pan Discs: finding Neverland's parameters
• Influences of three-dimensional gas flow induced by protoplanets on pebble accretion --$\mathrm{I}$. shear regime
• Phase correction for ALMA - Investigating water vapour radiometer scaling:The long-baseline science verification data case study
• The Observational Anatomy of Externally Photoevaporating Planet-Forming Discs I: Atomic Carbon
• Pebble accretion in class 0/I YSOs as a possible pathway for early planet formation
• Linking planetesimal and dust content in protoplanetary disks via a local toy model
• Planet Migration in Self-Gravitating Discs: Survival of Planets
• Is the gap in the DS Tau disc hiding a planet?
• Resolved ALMA observations of water in the inner astronomical units of the HL Tau disk
• Effects of Ringed Structures and Dust Size Growth on Millimeter Observations of Protoplanetary Disks
• Disk Masses and Dust Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks Around Brown Dwarfs
• Origin and dynamical evolution of the asteroid belt
• ALMA High-frequency Long Baseline Campaign in 2017: Band-to-band Phase Referencing in Submillimeter Waves
• Near-Infrared Imaging of a Spiral in the CQ Tau Disk
• Gravitoviscous protoplanetary disks with a dust component. V. The dynamic model for freeze-out and sublimation of volatiles
• The role of the drag force in the gravitational stability of dusty planet-forming disc -- II. Numerical simulations
• A search for companions via direct imaging in the DSHARP planet-forming disks
• [OI] 6300Å emission as a probe of external photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs
• Modeling of the ALMA HL Tau Polarization by Mixture of Grain Alignment and Self-scattering
• Eccentric gap induced by a super-Jupiter mass planet
• Establishing Dust Rings and Forming Planets Within Them
• Dust dynamics and vertical settling in gravitoturbulent protoplanetary discs
• Circumbinary Disks of the Protostellar Binary Systems in the L1551 Region
• Investigating the gas-to-dust ratio in the protoplanetary disk of HD 142527
• Mass-accretion, spectral, and photometric properties of T Tauri stars in Taurus based on TESS and LAMOST
• A UV-to-NIR Study of Molecular Gas in the Dust Cavity Around RY Lupi
• FAUST XVII: Super deuteration in the planet forming system IRS 63 where the streamer strikes the disk
• Optical dimming of RW Aur associated with an iron rich corona and exceptionally high absorbing column density
• Physics of Planet Trapping with Applications to HL Tau
• The diverse lives of massive protoplanets in self-gravitating discs
• Physical and chemical complexity in high-mass star-forming regions with ALMA. I. Overview and evolutionary trends of physical properties
• Stellar multiplicity affects the correlation between proto-planetary disc masses and accretion rates: binaries explain high-accretors in Upper Sco
• CH${}_3$CN deuteration in the SVS13-A Class I hot-corino. SOLIS XV
• The inner structure of the TW Hya Disk as revealed in scattered light
• A Dwarf Protoplanetary Disk around XZ Tau B
• The Winds from HL Tau
• On dust-gas gravitational instabilities in protoplanetary discs
• Protoplanetary disks in the hostile environment of Carina
• Planet gap opening across stellar masses
• Physical and Chemical Conditions of the Protostellar Envelope and the Protoplanetary Disk in HL Tau
• Channels for streaming instability in dusty discs
• Dust Traffic Jams in Inclined Circumbinary Protoplanetary Discs I. Morphology and Formation Theory
• On the Origin of Dust Structures in Protoplanetary Disks: Constraints from the Rossby Wave Instability
• New growth mechanism of dust grains in protoplanetary disks with magnetically driven disk winds
• Electric heating and angular momentum transport in laminar models of protoplanetary disks
• On the Dust Signatures Induced by Eccentric Super-Earths in Protoplanetary Disks
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk) V: Possible Annular Substructure in a Circumstellar Disk in the Ced110 IRS4 System
• Properties of Density and Velocity Gaps Induced by a Planet in a Protoplanetary Disk
• Observing protoplanetary discs with the Square Kilometre Array -- I. Characterising pebble substructure caused by forming planets
• Super-resolution Imaging of the Protoplanetary Disk HD 142527 Using Sparse Modeling
• Improving the thin-disk models of circumstellar disk evolution. The 2+1-dimensional model
• Millimeter Spectral Indices and Dust Trapping By Planets in Brown Dwarf Disks
• Morphological signatures induced by dust back reaction in discs with an embedded planet
• The role of gap edge instabilities in setting the depth of planet gaps in protoplanetary discs
• On the non-axisymmetric fragmentation of rings generated by the Secular Gravitational Instability
• The effect of luminosity outbursts on the protoplanetary disk dynamics
• Protostellar Evolution in Serpens Main: Possible Origin of Disk-Size Diversity
• Complex Magnetospheric Accretion Flows in Low Accretor CVSO 1335
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk) IX: High-resolution ALMA Observations of the Class 0 Protostar R CrA IRS5N and its surrounding
• Axisymmetric simulations of the convective overstability in protoplanetary discs
• Search for sub-millimeter H2O masers in active galaxies - the detection of a 321 GHz H2O maser in NGC4945
• Possible Counter Rotation between the Disk and Protostellar Envelope around the Class I Protostar IRAS 04169+2702
• Planetary Migration in Protoplanetary Disks
• A 3mm chemical exploration of small organics in Class I YSOs
• Promoted Mass Growth of Multiple, Distant Giant Planets through Pebble Accretion and Planet-Planet Collision
• A gap-sharing planet pair shaping the crescent in HD 163296: a disk sculpted by a resonant chain
• The centimeter emission from planet-forming disks in Taurus
• Two saturated states of the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disks with vertically varying cooling times
• The origin of tail-like structures around protoplanetary disks
• Dust-vortex instability in the regime of well-coupled grains
• PDRs4All. X. ALMA and JWST detection of neutral carbon in the externally irradiated disk d203-506: Undepleted gas-phase carbon
• ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT) III: The interplay between gas and dust in the protoplanetary disk of DG Tau
• Gravitoviscous Protoplanetary Discs with a Dust Component. IV. Disc Outer Edges, Spectral Indices, and Opacity Gaps
• A Tale of Two Transition Disks: ALMA long-baseline observations of ISO-Oph 2 reveal two closely packed non-axisymmetric rings and a $\sim$2 au cavity
• H${}_2$S observations in young stellar disks in Taurus
• Herschel PACS observations of 4-10 Myr old Classical T Tauri stars in Orion OB1
• Formation of Planetary Populations II: Effects of Initial Disk Size & Radial Dust Drift
• Gap opening by planets in discs with magnetised winds
• Mixing is easy: New insights for cosmochemical evolution from pre-stellar core collapse
• A sub-grid model for the growth of dust particles in hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary disks
• A kinematic excess in the annular gap and gas depleted cavity in the disc around HD 169142
• exoALMA. XVII. Characterizing the Gas Dynamics around Dust Asymmetries
• No Significant Correlation between Line-emission and Continuum Substructures in the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales Program
• Origin and kinematics of the eruptive flow from XZ Tau revealed by ALMA
• Constraining accretion signatures of exoplanets in the TW Hya transitional disk
• Streamers feeding the SVS13-A protobinary system: astrochemistry reveals accretion shocks?
• Mid-Infrared Polarization of Herbig Ae/Be Discs
• Constraining the masses of planets in protoplanetary discs from the presence or absence of vortices -- Comparison with ALMA observations
• First detections of H13CO+ and HC15N in the disk around HD 97048: Evidence for a cold gas reservoir in the outer disk
• IRAS4A1: Multi-wavelength continuum analysis of a very flared Class 0 disk
• AB Aurigae: Possible evidence of planet formation through the gravitational instability
• A Cavity of Large Grains in the Disk Around the Group II Herbig Ae/Be Star HD 142666
• Gap-opening Planets Make Dust Rings Wider
• DBNets: A publicly available deep learning tool to measure the masses of young planets in dusty protoplanetary discs
• High-resolution ALMA observations of compact discs in the wide-binary system Sz 65 and Sz 66
• Long-term stability of planets in and around binary stars
• Hiding Signatures of Gravitational Instability in Protoplanetary Discs with Planets
• The beta Pictoris system: Setting constraints on the planet and the disk structures at mid-IR wavelengths with NEAR
• Thermal Emission and Scattering by Aligned Grains: Plane-Parallel Model and Application to Multiwavelength Polarization of the HL Tau Disk
• Modeling the Protoplanetary Disks of Two Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• ALMA reveals thermal and non-thermal desorption of methanol ice in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disk
• Self-consistent ring model in protoplanetary disks: temperature dips and substructure formation
• Constraining the properties of transitional disks in Chamaeleon I with Herschel
• Space-Based Coronagraphic Imaging Polarimetry of the TW Hydrae Disk: Shedding New Light on Self-Shadowing Effects
• Three-Dimensional Dust Stirring by a Giant Planet Embedded in a Protoplanetary Disk
• Local semi-analytic models of magnetic flux transport in protoplanetary discs
• Warping Away Gravitational Instabilities in Protoplanetary Discs
• DPNNet-2.0 Part I: Finding hidden planets from simulated images of protoplanetary disk gaps
• ALMA constraints on assembly of Core Accretion planets
• Dust-gas dynamics driven by the streaming instability with various pressure gradients
• Multi-epoch, high spatial resolution observations of multiple T Tauri systems
• Dust Motion and Possibility of Dust Growth in a Growing Circumstellar Disk
• Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Our Galaxy
• Regularized Maximum Likelihood Image Synthesis and Validation for ALMA Continuum Observations of Protoplanetary Disks
• No evidence of the significant grain growth but tentative discovery of disk substructure in a disk around the Class I Protostar L1489 IRS
• Confronting Standard Models of Proto--Planetary Disks With New Mid--Infrared Sizes from the Keck Interferometer
• Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: Densities and imaging
• Insights into planet formation from debris disks: I. The solar system as an archetype for planetesimal evolution
• CO isotopolog line fluxes of viscously evolving disks: cold CO conversion insufficient to explain observed low fluxes
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk) XVI: An asymmetric dust disk driving a multi-component molecular outflow in the young Class 0 protostar GSS30 IRS3
• Influences of protoplanet-induced three-dimensional gas flow on pebble accretion $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I}$. Headwind regime
• The role of FUV Pumping in exciting the [Oi] lines in Protostellar Disks and Winds
• Ring Formation in Protoplanetary Disks Driven by an Eccentric Instability
• On the settling of small grains in dusty discs: analysis and formulas
• ALMA High-resolution Multiband Analysis for the Protoplanetary Disk around TW Hya
• Distinguishing Magnetized Disc Winds from Turbulent Viscosity through Substructure Morphology in Planet-forming Discs
• Extreme Pebble Accretion in Ringed Protoplanetary Discs
• Combined Effects of Disk Winds and Turbulence-Driven Accretion on Planet Populations
• Formation of the Unequal-Mass Binary Protostars in L1551 NE by Rotationally-Driven Fragmentation
• A millimeter-multiwavelength continuum study of VLA 1623 West
• A brief overview of planet formation
• A Machine Learning model to infer planet masses from gaps observed in protoplanetary disks
• Turbulent Disk Viscosity and the Bifurcation of Planet Formation Histories
• Radiative scale-height and shadows in protoplanetary disks
• Magnetic Fields and Accreting Giant Planets around PDS 70
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS): VI. Asymmetries and offsets
• High-resolution survey for planetary companions to young stars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• On the origin of wide-orbit ALMA planets: giant protoplanets disrupted by their cores
• Exoplanet accretion monitoring spectroscopic survey (ENTROPY) I. Evidence for magnetospheric accretion in the young isolated planetary-mass object 2MASS J11151597+1937266
• Connecting Planetary Composition with Formation
• Architecture of planetary systems predicted from protoplanetary disks observed with ALMA I: mass of the possible planets embedded in the dust gap
• Termination of an inward migration of a gap-opening planet triggered by dust feedback
• Using Bayesian Deep Learning to infer Planet Mass from Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks
• Gap formation by inclined massive planets in locally isothermal three-dimensional discs
• CAMPOS II. The onset of protostellar disk substructures and planet formation
• Connecting HL Tau to the Observed Exoplanet Sample
• Circumstellar discs: What will be next?
• Mid-infrared evidence for iron-rich dust in the multi-ringed inner disk of HD 144432
• UV Fluorescence Traces Gas and LyA Evolution in Protoplanetary Disks
• Effect of Different Angular Momentum Transport mechanisms on the Distribution of Water in Protoplanetary Disks
• Signs of outflow feedback from a nearby young stellar object on the protostellar envelope around HL Tau
• Millimeter emission in photoevaporating disks is determined by early substructures
• A Tale of Two Grains: impact of grain size on ring formation via nonideal MHD processes
• Giant planet migration during the disc dispersal phase
• On the Origin of Banded Structure in Dusty Protoplanetary Discs: HL Tau and TW Hya
• Model of a gap formed by a planet with fast inward migration
• Electron Heating and Saturation of Self-regulating Magnetorotational Instability in Protoplanetary Disks
• Formation of Planetary Populations III: Core Composition & Atmospheric Evaporation
• Dust rings as a footprint of planet formation in a protoplanetary disk
• First Detection of A Linear Structure in the Midplane of the Young HH 211 Protostellar Disk: A Spiral Arm?
• Capture of interstellar objects II: by the Solar system
• 3D Detection and Characterisation of ALMA Sources through Deep Learning
• Infall and Disk Processes - the Message from Meteorites
• ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT) VII: the layered molecular outflow from HL Tau and its relationship with the ringed disk
• PRODIGE -- Planet-forming disks in Taurus with NOEMA. I. Overview and first results for 12CO, 13CO, and C18O
• Simultaneous gas accretion onto a pair of giant planets: Impact on their final mass and on the protoplanetary disk structure
• Global Spiral Density Wave Modes in Protoplanetary Disks: Morphology of Spiral Arms
• Limits on the presence of planets in systems with debris disks: HD 92945 and HD 107146
• ALMA and VLA Observations of EX Lupi in its Quiescent State
• ALMA observation of the protoplanetary disk around WW Cha: faint double-peaked ring and asymmetric structure
• Rapid grain growth in post-AGB disc systems from far-infrared and sub-millimetre photometry
• Experiments and long-term High Performance Computations on amplitude modulations of strato-rotational flows
• ALMA High-frequency Long-baseline Campaign in 2017: A Comparison of the Band-to-band and In-band Phase Calibration Techniques and Phase-calibrator Separation Angles
• Self-gravitating planetary envelopes and the core-nucleated instability
• Revealing the chemical structure of the Class I disc Oph-IRS 67
• Velocity-resolved hot water emission detected toward HL Tau with the Submillimeter Array
• A wind-driving disc model for the mm-wavelength polarization structure of HL Tau
• Orbital motions and light curves of young binaries XZ Tau and VY Tau
• Nonlinear Outcome of Coagulation Instability in Protoplanetary Disks II: Dust Ring Formation Mediated by Backreaction and Fragmentation
• Observing Circumplanetary Disks with METIS
• First Light for the GRAVITY+ Adaptive Optics: Extreme Adaptive Optics for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer
• Architecture of three-planet systems predicted from the observed protoplanetary disk of HL Tau
• Illuminating a tadpole's metamorphosis II: observing the on-going transformation with ALMA
• Revealing multiple nested molecular outflows with rotating signatures in HH270mms1-A with ALMA
• The solar abundance problem and eMSTOs in clusters
• The Synthetic ALMA Multiband Analysis of the Dust Properties of the TW Hya Protoplanetary Disk
• Evidence of Grain Alignment by Magnetically Enhanced Radiative Torques from Multiwavelength Dust Polarization Modeling of HL Tau
• Constraining giant planet formation with synthetic ALMA images of the Solar System's natal protoplanetary disk
• Planetesimal formation via the streaming instability in simulations of infall dominated young disks
• ALMA Band-to-band Phase Referencing: Imaging Capabilities on Long Baselines and High Frequencies
• The fulcrum wavelength of young stellar objects -- the case of LRLL 31
• Short-lived radioisotope enrichment in star-forming regions from stellar winds and supernovae
• Primordial dust rings, hidden dust mass, and the first generation of planetesimals in gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disks
• HD 163296 and its Giant Planets: Creation of Exo-comets, Interstellar Objects and Transport of Volatile Material
• A smoothed particle hydrodynamics algorithm for multigrain dust with separate sets of particles
• Identifying Exo-Earth Candidates in Direct Imaging Data through Bayesian Classification
• Substructures in protoplanetary disks imprinted by compact planetary systems
• Using planet migration and dust drift to weigh protoplanetary discs
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XI. A high-resolution view toward the BHR 71 Class 0 protostellar wide binary
• Long-Term Dynamics of Planetesimals in Planetary Chaotic Zones
• A transitional disk around an intermediate mass star in the sparse population of the Orion OB1 Association
• Sulphur-Bearing and Complex Organic Molecules in an Infrared Cold Core
• Gravito-turbulence and dynamo in poorly ionised protostellar discs. I. Zero-net-flux case
• The structure of young embedded protostellar discs
• Multi-frequency analysis of the ALMA and VLA high resolution continuum observations of the substructured disc around CI Tau. Preference for sub-mm-sized low-porosity amorphous carbon grains
• Magnetic Spirals in Accretion Flows Originated from Misaligned Magnetic Field
• The Ophiuchus DIsk Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA): A Unified Evolutionary Sequence of Planet-Driven Substructures Explaining the Diversity of Disk Morphologies
• The origin of the occurrence rate profile of gas giants inside 100 days
• Intermediate mass T Tauri disk masses and a comparison to their Herbig disk descendants
• Seeing the unseen: a method to detect unresolved rings in protoplanetary disks
• Dust ring and gap formation by gas flow induced by low-mass planets embedded in protoplanetary disks $\mathrm{I}$. Steady-state model
• Probing $H_0$ and resolving AGN disks with ultrafast photon counters
• The interplay between forming planets and photo-evaporating discs I: Forbidden line diagnostics
• Clumpy dust rings around non-accreting young stars
• KISS: a spectrometric imager for millimetre cosmology
• Searching for wide-orbit gravitational instability protoplanets with ALMA in the dust continuum
• Connecting planet formation and astrochemistry: C/O and N/O of warm giant planets and Jupiter-analogs
• A GMRT survey of regions towards the Taurus Molecular Cloud at 323 and 608 MHz
• A Large Double-ring Disk around the Taurus M Dwarf J04124068+2438157
• Testing planet formation from the ultraviolet to the millimeter
• Emerging population of gap-opening planets around type-A stars -- Long-term evolution of the forming planets around HD 163296
• Dust Rings and Cavities in the Protoplanetary Disks around HD 163296 and DoAr 44
• Detection and Characterization of Extrasolar Planets through Mean-Motion Resonances. II. The Effect of the Planet's Orbital Eccentricity on Debris Disk Structures
• Probing Signatures of a Distant Planet around the Young T-Tauri Star CI Tau Hosting a Possible Hot Jupiter
• Stability of Dusty Rings in Protoplanetary Discs
• Modeling the arc and ring structures in the HD 143006 disk
• On fragmentation of turbulent self-gravitating discs in the long cooling time regime
• Accretion of aerodynamically large pebbles
• Pebble accretion in self-gravitating protostellar discs
• Dust ring and gap formation by gas flow induced by low-mass planets embedded in protoplanetary disks $\mathrm{II}$. Time-dependent model
• Simulations of thermal surface waves in a protoplanetary disk using 1+1D approximation
• Dynamics of magnetized accretion disks of young stars
• Evaporation before disruption: comparing timescales for Jovian planets in star-forming regions
• Particle clustering in turbulence: Prediction of spatial and statistical properties with deep learning
• Protoplanetary disk insights from the first ERIS/APP survey at 4 μm
• A question of personalities: evolution of viscous and wind-driven protoplanetary discs in the presence of dead zones
• The paradox of youth for ALMA planet candidates
• Increased isolation mass for pebble accreting planetary cores in pressure maxima of protoplanetary discs
• SPH simulations of structures in protoplanetary disks
• ALMA and Keck analysis of Fomalhaut field sources: JWST's Great Dust Cloud is a background object
• LBT search for companions and sub-structures in the (pre)transitional disk of AB Aurigae
• Forming rocky exoplanets around K-dwarf stars
• Emission from Magnetized Accretion Disks around Young Stars
• Dust Coagulation in the Vicinity of a Gap-Opening Jupiter-Mass Planet
• Structure of Polytropic Stars in General Relativity
• Exploring the Grain Properties in the Disk of HL Tau with an Evolutionary Model
• Dust concentration and chondrule formation
• Geometrical and physical optics analysis for mm-wavelength refractor telescopes designed to map the cosmic microwave background
• Double trouble: Gaia reveals (proto)-planetary systems that may experience more than one dense star-forming environment
• An upper limit for the growth of inner planets?
• Understanding the trans-Neptunian Solar system: Reconciling the results of serendipitous stellar occultations and the inferences from the cratering record
• FAUST. XXVIII. High-Resolution ALMA Observations of Class 0/I Disks: Structure, Optical Depths, and Temperatures
• The Effelsberg survey of FU Orionis and EX Lupi objects I. -- Host environments of FUors/EXors traced by NH${}_3$
• Continuing to Hide Signatures of Gravitational Instability in Protoplanetary Discs with Planets
• Probing Inner-Edge of Dead Zones in Protoplanetary Disks with ALMA and Next Generation Very Large Array
• Polarimetric differential imaging with VLT/NACO. A comprehensive PDI pipeline for NACO data (PIPPIN)
• Forming short period sub-stellar companions in 47 Tuc: I. Dynamical model and brown dwarf tidal capture rates
• The potential of combining MATISSE and ALMA observations: Constraining the structure of the innermost region in protoplanetary discs
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) III: Characteristics of Radial Chemical Substructures
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS XVIII): Kinematic Substructures in the Disks of HD 163296 and MWC 480
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) XIX. Spiral Arms, a Tail, and Diffuse Structures Traced by CO around the GM Aur Disk
• Sulfur oxides tracing streamers and shocks at low mass protostellar disk-envelope interfaces
• Dust enrichment and growth in the earliest stages of protoplanetary disk formation
• A Spectral Analysis of the Centimeter Regime of Nearby Galaxies: RRLs, Excited OH, and NH${}_3$
• Kinematic Evidence of an Embedded Protoplanet in HD 142666 Identified by Machine Learning
• Planetesimal formation by the gravitational instability of dust ring structures
• Fundamental stellar parameters for selected T-Tauri stars in the Chamaeleon and Rho Ophiuchus star-forming regions
• The black hole masses of extremely luminous radio-WISE selected galaxies
• Architecture of planetary systems predicted from protoplanetary disks observed with ALMA II: evolution outcomes and dynamical stability
• The Structure and Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks: an infrared and submillimeter view
• Timescales diagnostics for saving viscous and MHD-driven dusty discs from external photoevaporation
• Heavy Ion Acceleration by Super-Alfvenic Waves
• The physical and chemical properties of planet forming disks
• Exoplanet detection and its dependence on stochastic sampling of the stellar Initial Mass Function
• A broken debris cascade as a possible source of hot dust emission in transitioning planet-forming disks
• The Influences of Forming Companions on the Spectral Energy Distributions of Stars with Circumstellar Discs
• Wavelength-dependent far-infrared polarization of HL Tau observed with SOFIA/HAWC+
• Monte-Carlo radiative transfer simulation of the circumstellar disk of the Herbig Ae star HD 144432
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). XV. Tracing protoplanetary disk structure within 20 au
• Single Fluid vs. Multifluid: Comparison between single fluid and multifluid dust models for disc planet interactions
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales. XX. The Massive Disk Around GM Aurigae
• Zooming into the water snowline: high resolution water observations of the HL Tau disk
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XX. Constraining the Chemical Tracers of Young Protostellar Sources
• Supertransient Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in Keplerian Shear Flows: The role of the Hall Effect
• A tension between dust and gas radii: the role of substructures and external photoevaporation in protoplanetary disks
• Exploring Polarized Millimeter Emission from Protoplanetary Disks with Irregular Dust Grains
• A Pathway for Collisional Planetesimal Growth in the Ice-Dominant Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
• exoALMA XXIII. Estimating Disk and Planet Properties from Dust Morphologies with DBNets2.0
• Measuring Dust Masses of Protoplanetary Disks in Serpens and L1641/L1647 with ALMA
• Periodic 6.7 GHz $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{OH}$ maser emission in G353.273+0.641: First candidate for a pulsating high-mass protostar
• Misaligned Circumstellar Disks and Orbital Motion of the Young Binary XZ Tau
• Probing inner and outer disk misalignments in transition disks
• Searching for planet-driven dust spirals in ALMA visibilities
• Gas vs dust radial extent in disks: the importance of their thermal interplay
• Applying a Particle-only Model to the HL Tau Disk
• A gap at 1 au in the disk of DI Cha A revealed by infrared interferometry
• CosmoAmautas: Astrophysics in the high school classroom (2nd edition)
• Characterization of the dust content in the ring around Sz 91: indications for planetesimal formation?
• Which molecule traces what: chemical diagnostics of protostellar sources
• Constraining the properties of the potential embedded planets in the disk around HD 100546
• A VLA View of the Flared, Asymmetric Disk Around the Class 0 Protostar L1527 IRS
• The Dispersal of Planet-forming discs: Theory confronts Observations
• ALMA publication statistics
• The Substructures in Disks undergoing Vertical Shear Instability: II. Observational Predictions for the Dust Continuum
• Magnetic reconnection in partially ionized plasmas
• Feasibility of interferometric observations and characterization of planet-induced structures at sub au to au scales in protoplanetary disks
• Collision rates of planetesimals near mean-motion resonances
• The Great Planetary Heist: Theft and capture in star-forming regions
• Acceleration of planetary migration: Resonance crossing and planetesimal ring
• Planetesimal formation at the gas pressure bump following a migrating planet II. Effects of dust growth
• Science with MATISSE
• Detecting low-mass haloes with strong gravitational lensing I: the effect of data quality and lensing configuration
• Hunting for methanol in the water rich, planet forming disk around HL Tau
• Witnessing Planetary Systems in the Making with the Next Generation Very Large Array
• Gravitational instability in planet-forming discs
• Planet Formation Imager: Project Update
• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars VI. Insights from Radiative Transfer Modeling
• Ultra-High-Resolution Astronomy with the Solar Gravitational Lens
• AnomalyMatch: Discovering Rare Objects of Interest with Semi-supervised and Active Learning
• Reading between the rings: observed dust ring properties as probes of planet masses
• On the crystallinity of silicate dust in evolving protoplanetary disks due to magnetically driven disk winds