Model of a gap formed by a planet with fast inward migration

Abstract

A planet is formed within a protoplanetary disk. Recent observations have revealed substructures such as gaps and rings, which may indicate forming planets within the disk. Due to disk--planet interaction, the planet migrates within the disk, which can affect a shape of the planet-induced gap. In this paper, we investigate effects of fast inward migration of the planet on the gap shape, by carrying out hydrodynamic simulations. We found that when the migration timescale is shorter than the timescale of the gap-opening, the orbital radius is shifted inward as compared to the radial location of the gap. We also found a scaling relation between the radial shift of the locations of the planet and the gap as a function of the ratio of the timescale of the migration and gap-opening. Our scaling relation also enables us to constrain the gas surface density and the viscosity when the gap and the planet are observed. Moreover, we also found the scaling relation between the location of the secondary gap and the aspect ratio. By combining the radial shift and the secondary gap, we may constrain the physical condition of the planet formation and how the planet evolves in the protoplanetary disk, from the observational morphology.

15 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

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• Three-dimensional Global Simulations of Type-II Planet-disk Interaction with a Magnetized Disk Wind: I. Magnetic Flux Concentration and Gap Properties
• High Spatial Resolution Observations of Molecular Lines towards the Protoplanetary Disk around TW Hya with ALMA
• Migrating Low-Mass Planets in Inviscid Dusty Protoplanetary Discs
• Formation of wide-orbit giant planets in protoplanetary disks with a decreasing pebble flux
• PGNets: Planet mass prediction using convolutional neural networks for radio continuum observations of protoplanetary disks
• Dust rings as a footprint of planet formation in a protoplanetary disk
• Overstability of the 2:1 mean motion resonance: Exploring disc parameters with hydrodynamic simulations