Cavity opening by a giant planet in a protoplanetary disc and effects on planetary migration

Abstract

We study the effect of a Jovian planet on the gas distribution of a protoplanetary disc, using a new numerical scheme that allows us to take into consideration the global evolution of the disc, down to an arbitrarily small inner physical radius. We find that Jovian planets do not open cavities in the inner part of the disc (i.e. interior to their orbits) unless (a) the inner physical edge of the disc is close to the planet's location or (b) the planet is much more massive than the disc. In all other cases the planet simply opens a gap in the gas density distribution, whose global profile is essentially unchanged relative to the one that it would have if the planet were absent. We recognize, though, that the dust distribution can be significantly different from the gas distribution and that dust cavities might be opened in some situations, even if the gas is still present in the inner part of the disc. Concerning the migration of the planet, we find that classical Type-II migration (with speed proportional to the viscosity of the disc) occurs only if the gap opened by the planet is deep and clean. If there is still a significant amount of gas in the gap, the migration of the planet is generally slower than the theoretical Type-II migration rate. In some situations, migration can be stopped or even reversed. We develop a simple model that reproduces satisfactorily the migration rate observed in the simulations, for a wide range of disc viscosities and planet masses and locations relative to the inner disc edge. Our results are relevant for extra-solar planetary systems, as they explain (a) why some hot Jupiters did not migrate all the way down to their parent stars and (b) why the outermost of a pair of resonant planets is typically the most massive one.

33 pages, 14 figures, M.N.R.A.S. in press

References in corpus (5)

• Models of the in situ formation of detected extrasolar giant planets
• Dust filtration at gap edges: Implications for the spectral energy distributions of discs with embedded planets
• Dust flow in gas disks in the presence of embedded planets
• Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Disks around Classical T Tauri Stars
• Simulating planet migration in globally evolving disks

Cited by in corpus (66)

• Ring shaped dust accumulation in transition disks
• Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation V. Accumulation Near the Ice Line
• Chemical enrichment of giant planets and discs due to pebble drift
• On the formation of planetary systems via oligarchic growth in thermally evolving viscous discs
• The Migration of Gap-Opening Planets is not Locked to Viscous Disk Evolution
• Migration of massive planets in accreting disks
• How drifting and evaporating pebbles shape giant planets I: Heavy element content and atmospheric C/O
• On corotation torques, horseshoe drag and the possibility of sustained stalled or outward protoplanetary migration
• Dynamical corotation torques on low-mass planets
• Type I Planet Migration in Nearly Laminar Disks
• Gas giant planets as dynamical barriers to inward-migrating super-Earths
• Dynamical evidence for an early giant planet instability
• Mean motion resonances from planet-planet scattering
• Planet population synthesis driven by pebble accretion in cluster environments
• A new class of Super-Earths formed from high-temperature condensates: HD219134 b, 55 Cnc e, WASP-47 e
• Influence of an inner disc on the orbital evolution of massive planets migrating in resonance
• Numerical simulations of type III planetary migration: III. Outward migration of massive planets
• On the width and shape of the corotation region for low-mass planets
• The dynamical role of the circumplanetary disc in planetary migration
• Effects of the Planetary Temperature on the Circumplanetary Disk and on the Gap
• The effect of a planet on the dust distribution in a 3D protoplanetary disk
• Terrestrial Planet Formation in the Presence of Migrating Super-earths
• Spatial segregation of dust grains in transition disks. SPHERE observations of 2MASS J16083070-3828268 and RXJ1852.3-3700
• Solar System Physics for Exoplanet Research
• Spin-Orbit angle distribution and the origin of (mis)aligned hot Jupiters
• Stellar irradiated discs and implications on migration of embedded planets III: viscosity transitions
• Wind-driven Accretion in Transitional Protostellar Disks
• Extrasolar Planet Eccentricities from Scattering in the Presence of Residual Gas Disks
• Runaway gas accretion and gap opening versus type~I migration
• Numerical simulations of type III planetary migration: II. Inward migration of massive planets
• Earth-like Habitats in Planetary Systems
• How drifting and evaporating pebbles shape giant planets III: The formation of WASP-77A b and $\tau$ Boötis b
• Mind the gap: Distinguishing disc substructures and their impact on the inner disc composition
• How to make giant planets via pebble accretion
• ALMA 870 $\mu$m continuum observations of HD 100546. Evidence of a giant planet on a wide orbit
• Highly inclined and eccentric massive planets. II. Planet-planet interactions during the disc phase
• Mean motion resonance capture in the context of type-I migration
• Probing the impact of varied migration and gas accretion rates for the formation of giant planets in the pebble accretion scenario
• TOI-216: Resonant Constraints on Planet Migration
• A gas density drop in the inner 6 AU of the transition disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 139614: Further evidence for a giant planet inside the disk?
• Circumstellar disks and planets. Science cases for next-generation optical/infrared long-baseline interferometers
• A pebbles accretion model with chemistry and implications for the solar system
• The water-ice line as a birthplace of planets: Implications of a species-dependent dust fragmentation threshold
• On The Orbital Evolution of Jupiter Mass Protoplanet Embedded in A Self-Gravity Disk
• Planetary Migration to Large Radii
• The formation of wide exoKuiper belts from migrating dust traps
• Kepler-1656b's Extreme Eccentricity: Signature of a Gentle Giant
• Eccentric gap induced by a super-Jupiter mass planet
• The Minimum Gap-opening Planet Mass in an Irradiated Circumstellar Accretion Disk
• Radial migration of gap-opening planets in protoplanetary disks. II. The case of a planet pair
• Effects of global gas flows on type I migration
• Migration of pairs of giant planets in low-viscosity discs
• Inward and outward migration of massive planets: moving towards a stalling radius
• Dynamics and spin alignment in massive, gravito-turbulent circumbinary discs around supermassive black hole binaries
• ALMA constraints on assembly of Core Accretion planets
• High-resolution survey for planetary companions to young stars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• Gap Formation in the Dust Layer of 3D Protoplanetary Disks
• Calibrated Gas Accretion and Orbital Migration of Protoplanets in 1D Disc Models
• Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: Planetary Characteristics
• Diversity of disc viscosities can explain the period ratios of resonant and non-resonant systems of hot super-Earths and mini-Neptunes
• Resonance capture and long-term evolution of planets in binary star systems
• How disc initial conditions sculpt the atmospheric composition of giant planets
• The late formation of chondrites as a consequence of Jupiter-induced gaps and rings
• Observable scattered light features from inclined and non-inclined planets embedded in protoplanetary discs
• Disk dissipation, giant planet formation and star-formation-rate fluctuations in the past three-million-year history of Gould's Belt
• Planetary migration in precessing disks for S-type wide binaries