The Migration of Gap-Opening Planets is not Locked to Viscous Disk Evolution

Abstract

Most standard descriptions of Type II migration state that massive, gap-opening planets must migrate at the viscous drift rate. This is based on the idea that the disk is separated into an inner and outer region and gas is considered unable to cross the gap. In fact, gas easily crosses the gap on horseshoe orbits, nullifying this necessary premise which would set the migration rate. In this work, it is demonstrated using highly accurate numerical calculations that the actual migration rate is dependent on disk and planet parameters, and can be significantly larger or smaller than the viscous drift rate. In the limiting case of a disk much more massive than the secondary, the migration rate saturates to a constant which is sensitive to disk parameters and is not necessarily of order viscous rate. In the opposite limit of a low-mass disk, the migration rate decreases linearly with disk mass. Steady-state solutions in the low disk mass limit show no pile-up outside the secondary's orbit, and no corresponding drainage of the inner disk.

ApJ Accepted

References in corpus (7)

• Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation V. Accumulation Near the Ice Line
• Halting Type I planet migration in non-isothermal disks
• Cavity opening by a giant planet in a protoplanetary disc and effects on planetary migration
• Evolution of Migrating Planets Undergoing Gas Accretion
• Simulating planet migration in globally evolving disks
• Giant Planet Migration in Viscous Power-Law Discs
• Type II Migration: Varying Planet Mass and Disc Viscosity

Cited by in corpus (38)

• Formation of planetary systems by pebble accretion and migration: Growth of gas giants
• Migration of massive planets in accreting disks
• Challenges in Planet Formation
• Circumbinary Accretion from Finite and Infinite Disks
• Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY
• Does disk fragmentation prevent the formation of supermassive stars in protogalaxies?
• Black Hole Formation in the Lower Mass Gap through Mergers and Accretion in AGN Disks
• Star Formation in Accretion Disks and SMBH Growth
• The link between disc dispersal by photoevaporation and the semi-major axis distribution of exoplanets
• Minidisks in Binary Black Hole Accretion
• Probing the Protosolar Disk Using Dust Filtering at Gaps in the Early Solar System
• DISCO: A 3D Moving-Mesh Magnetohydrodynamics Code Designed for the Study of Astrophysical Disks
• The accretion of migrating giant planets
• Effect of wind-driven accretion on planetary migration
• Can stellar-mass black hole growth disrupt disks of active galactic nuclei? The role of mechanical feedback
• Quiescent and active galactic nuclei as factories of merging compact objects in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy
• Migration of Jupiter mass planets in low viscosity discs
• Gravitational Self-Lensing in Populations of Massive Black Hole Binaries
• Instabilities in Multi-Planet Circumbinary Systems
• Highly inclined and eccentric massive planets. II. Planet-planet interactions during the disc phase
• Accretion of Gas Giants Constrained by the Tidal Barrier
• Retention of Long-Period Gas Giant Planets: Type II Migration Revisited
• The origin of the eccentricity of the hot Jupiter in CI Tau
• Radial migration of gap-opening planets in protoplanetary disks. II. The case of a planet pair
• Capture and migration of Jupiter and Saturn in mean motion resonance in a gaseous protoplanetary disc
• Type II migration strikes back -- An old paradigm for planet migration in discs
• Trapping (sub-)Neptunes similar to TOI-216b at the inner disk rim: Implications for the disk viscosity and the Neptunian desert
• Estimating the fossil disc mass during supermassive black hole mergers: the importance of torque implementation
• Inflation of Migrated Hot Jupiters
• Three-dimensional transport of solids in a protoplanetary disk containing a growing giant planet
• The implications of stochastic gas torques for asymmetric binaries in the LISA band
• Gone with the wind: the outward migration of eccentric giant planets in windy disks
• Termination of an inward migration of a gap-opening planet triggered by dust feedback
• Giant planet migration during the disc dispersal phase
• Comments on "Type II migration strikes back -- An old paradigm for planet migration in discs" by Scardoni et al
• New migration patterns in high planet-star mass ratio systems in disks with low viscosity
• Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks
• A gap at 1 au in the disk of DI Cha A revealed by infrared interferometry