Quiescent and active galactic nuclei as factories of merging compact objects in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy

Abstract

Galactic nuclei harbouring a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), possibly surrounded by a dense nuclear cluster (NC), represent extreme environments which house a complex interplay of many physical processes that uniquely affect stellar formation, evolution, and dynamics. The discovery of gravitational waves (GW) emitted by merging black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs), funnelled a huge amount of work focused on understanding how compact object binaries (COBs) can pair-up and merge together. Here, we review from a theoretical standpoint how different mechanisms concur to the formation, evolution, and merger of COBs around quiescent SMBHs and active galactic nuclei (AGNs), summarizing the main predictions for current and future (GW) detections and outlining the possible features that can clearly mark a galactic nuclei origin.

arXiv comment73 pages, 16 Figures, 2 Tables. Invited review to be published in the Special Issue "Binary Evolution in Galactic Nuclei", eds. Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta and Adrian Hamers, accepted for publication in the journal "Universe"

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• Phase shift of gravitational waves induced by aberration
• Constraining the dark cusp in the Galactic Center by long-period binaries
• Limits on hierarchical black hole mergers from the most negative ${\chi }_{\mathrm{eff}}$ systems
• Fast migration of low-mass planets in radiative discs
• Galactic Binaries Can Explain the Fermi Galactic Center Excess and 511 keV Emission
• Measuring the spins of heavy binary black holes
• Analytic computation of the secular effects of encounters on a binary: features arising from second-order perturbation theory
• Bar-Driven Mass Build-Up within the Central 50pc of NGC6946
• Millisecond pulsar origin of the Galactic center excess and extended gamma-ray emission from Andromeda - a closer look
• Gravitational Waves from Hierarchical Triple Systems with Kozai-Lidov Oscillation
• Scalar Resonant Relaxation of Stars Around a Massive Black Hole
• Constraining nuclear star cluster formation using MUSE-AO observations of the early-type galaxy FCC47
• Detecting Kozai-Lidov imprints on the gravitational waves of intermediate-mass black holes in galactic nuclei
• SNe Kicks in Hierarchical Triple Systems
• Gamma-ray and X-ray emission from the Galactic Centre: hints on the nuclear star cluster formation history
• Confusing binaries: the role of stellar binaries in biasing disk properties in the Galactic Center
• On highly eccentric stellar trajectories interacting with a self-gravitating disc in Sgr A*
• A Gaia-based catalog of candidate stripped nuclei and luminous globular clusters in the halo of Centaurus A
• Impact of a Spinning Supermassive Black Hole on the Orbit and Gravitational Waves of a Nearby Compact Binary
• Enhanced accretion rates of stars on Super-massive Black Holes by star-disk interactions in galactic nuclei
• Post-Newtonian effects in N-body dynamics: Relativistic precession and conserved quantities in hierarchical triple systems
• On rapid migration and accretion within disks around supermassive black holes
• On Socially Distant Neighbors: Using Binaries to Constrain the Density of Objects in the Galactic Center
• Nuclear star cluster formation in star-forming dwarf galaxies
• Neutron Star-Black Hole Mergers from Gravitational Wave Captures
• Disentangling the formation mechanisms of nuclear star clusters
• The Keplerian three-body encounter II. Comparisons with isolated encounters and impact on gravitational wave merger timescales
• The statistical mechanics of relativistic orbits around a massive black hole
• Stellar Dynamics around a Massive Black Hole II: Resonant Relaxation
• Common-envelope Dynamics of a Stellar-mass Black Hole: General Relativistic Simulations
• Binary formation and mass function variations in fragmenting discs with short cooling times
• Gravitational-wave merging events from the dynamics of stellar mass binary black holes around the massive black hole in a galactic nucleus
• Formation of black holes in the pair-instability mass gap: Hydrodynamical simulations of a head-on massive star collision
• Direct determination of supermassive black hole properties with gravitational-wave radiation from surrounding stellar-mass black hole binaries
• Merging Compact Binaries Near a Rotating Supermassive Black Hole: Eccentricity Excitation due to Apsidal Precession Resonance
• Supernova Kicks and Dynamics of Compact Remnants in the Galactic Centre
• The dearth of nuclear star clusters in bright galaxies
• The Stationary Points of the Hierarchical Three Body Problem
• An Adaptive Optics Survey of Stellar Variability at the Galactic Center
• Astrophysical Gravitational-Wave Echoes from Galactic Nuclei
• Dynamical formation of the GW190814 merger
• Companion-driven evolution of massive stellar binaries
• Nuclear Star Clusters in Cosmological Simulations
• Precession resonances in hierarchical triple systems
• Gravitational waves from the remnants of the first stars in nuclear star clusters
• Gravitational-wave captures by intermediate-mass black holes in galactic nuclei
• Time-dependent stellar-mass binary black hole mergers in AGN disks: Mass distribution of hierarchical mergers
• The Eccentric and Accelerating Stellar Binary Black Hole Mergers in Galactic Nuclei: Observing in Ground and Space Gravitational Wave Observatories
• Secular evolution of compact binaries revolving around a spinning massive black hole
• Star-disc interactions in a galactic centre and oblateness of the inner stellar cluster
• Revisiting Common Envelope Evolution -- A New Semi-Analytic Model for N-body and Population Synthesis Codes
• Pevatron at the Galactic Center: Multi-Wavelength Signatures from Millisecond Pulsars
• Fake massive black holes in the milli-Hertz gravitational-wave band
• The secular evolution of discrete quasi-Keplerian systems. I. Kinetic theory of stellar clusters near black holes
• Gravitational Pulse Astronomy
• Probing Intermediate Mass Black Holes in M87 through Multi-Wavelength Gravitational Wave Observations
• Effective two-body approach to the hierarchical three-body problem: quadrupole to 1PN
• The three body first post-Newtonian effects on the secular dynamics of a compact binary near a spinning supermassive black hole
• Tidal Disruption of Inclined or Eccentric Binaries by Massive Black Holes
• Spin-Orbit Misalignments in Tertiary-Induced Black-Hole Binary Mergers: Theoretical Analysis
• Probing the Spins of Supermassive Black Holes with Gravitational Waves from Surrounding Compact Binaries
• Detection of a dense group of hyper-compact radio sources in the central parsec of the Galaxy
• On the recurrence times of neutron star X-ray binary transients and the nature of the Galactic Centre quiescent X-ray binaries
• Black Holes merging with Low Mass Gap Objects inside Globular Clusters
• Interacting Young M-dwarfs in Triple System -- Par 1802 Binary System Case Study

Cited by in corpus (20)

• GW231123: a Binary Black Hole Merger with Total Mass 190-265 $M_{\odot }$
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: Mission Studies and Science Case
• MUSE adaptive-optics spectroscopy confirms dual active galactic nuclei and strongly lensed systems at sub-arcsec separation
• Dynamics around supermassive black holes: Extreme mass-ratio inspirals as gravitational-wave sources
• Compact Binary Coalescences in Dense Gaseous Environments Can Pose as ones in Vacuum
• Probing general relativistic spin-orbit coupling with gravitational waves from hierarchical triple systems
• McFacts III: Compact binary mergers from AGN disks over an entire synthetic universe
• On the Formation of GW231123 in Population III Star Clusters
• Indication for a compact object next to a LIGO-Virgo binary black hole merger
• Structure and Skewness of the Effective Inspiral Spin Distribution of Binary Black Hole Mergers
• What's in a binary black hole's mass parameter?
• Determining the Hubble Constant with AGN-assisted Black Hole Mergers
• McFACTS II: Mass Ratio--Effective Spin Relationship of Black Hole Mergers in the AGN Channel
• Growing a nuclear star cluster from star formation and cluster mergers: The JWST NIRSpec view of NGC 4654
• Compact object populations over cosmic time II. Compact object merger rates and masses over redshift from varying initial conditions
• The origin channels of hierarchical binary black hole mergers in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O1, O2, and O3 runs
• The Nature of Gravitational Wave Events with Host Environment Escape Velocities
• Generalized Perturbed Kepler Problem: Gravitational Wave Imprints from Eccentric Compact Binaries
• Identifying Host Galaxies of Binary Black Hole Mergers with Next-Generation Gravitational Wave Detector Networks