The MEGaN project II. Gravitational waves from intermediate mass- and binary black holes around a supermassive black hole

Abstract

We investigate the evolution of intermediate-mass (IMBHs), stellar (BHs) and binary black holes (BHBs), deposited near a supermassive black hole (SMBH) by a population of massive star clusters. Stellar BHs rapidly segregate around the SMBH, driving the formation of extreme mass-ratio inspirals that coalesce at a rate $\Gamma =0.02-0.2$ yr${}^{-1}$ Gpc${}^{-3}$ at redshift $z=0$. A few IMBHs orbiting the SMBH favour the formation of massive pairs that coalescence within a Hubble time, being the merger rate for this channel $\Gamma =0.03$ yr${}^{-1}$ Gpc${}^{-3}$. Recoiling kicks post-merger can eject the remnant from the galaxy centre, especially in dwarf galaxies. Our results suggest that this mechanism can lead to up to $10^5$ ejected SMBH within 1 Gpc. An IMBH co-existing with a few single and binary BHs in the same cluster can affect significantly their evolution, either driving binary disruption, yielding to intermediate-mass ratio inspirals (merger rate $\Gamma =9.5$ yr${}^{-1}$ Gpc${}^{-3}$), or boosting BHBs coalescence ($\Gamma =2-8$ yr${}^{-1}$ Gpc${}^{-3}$). In a few simulations, the SMBH boosts BHBs coalescence, leading this process to a merger rate $\Gamma =1$ yr${}^{-1}$ Gpc${}^{-3}$. We note that BHBs experiencing a merger in a galactic nucleus can be erroneously estimated $\sim 30\%$ heavier than it really is because of the Doppler shift of the wave frequency as caused by the rapid motion around the SMBH. All our simulations are carried out using an $N$-body code tailored to treat close encounters and post-Newtonian dynamics, that includes also the galaxy field and dynamical friction in the particles' equation of motion.

23 pages, 13 Figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. This version matches the accepted one

References in corpus (48)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
• Gravitational Waves and Gamma-rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence
• Intermediate and Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals -- Astrophysics, Science Applications and Detection using LISA
• The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. VIII. The Nuclei of Early-Type Galaxies
• Ages and metallicities of early-type galaxies in the SDSS: new insight into the physical origin of the colour-magnitude and the Mg2-sigmaV relations
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I: Coalescing Binary Black Holes Originating From Globular Clusters
• Very massive stars, pair-instability supernovae and intermediate-mass black holes with the SEVN code
• Ejection of Supermassive Black Holes from Galaxy Cores
• Implementing Few-Body Algorithmic Regularization with Post-Newtonian Terms
• Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters and their role in gravitational-wave generation
• Dynamical friction in constant density cores: a failure of the Chandrasekhar formula
• Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters and their role in gravitational-wave generation II
• The Distribution of Recoil Velocities from Merging Black Holes
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I: Galactic Globular Clusters Harbouring a Black Hole Subsystem
• Gravitational Wave Recoil and the Retention of Intermediate Mass Black Holes
• Wandering Black Holes in Bright Disk Galaxy Halos
• Gravitational Waves and Intermediate-mass Black Hole Retention in Globular Clusters
• The origin of the first neutron star -- neutron star merger
• Gravitational wave sources from inspiralling globular clusters in the Galactic Centre and similar environments
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I. Unravelling black hole subsystems in globular clusters
• Globular Cluster Systems in Brightest Cluster Galaxies: A Near-Universal Luminosity Function?
• The Globular Cluster Migratory Origin of Nuclear Star Clusters
• Research Update on Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals
• The Structure of Nuclear Star Clusters in Nearby Late-type Spiral Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 Imaging
• Detecting Intermediate-Mass Ratio Inspirals From The Ground And Space
• Henize 2-10: the ongoing formation of a nuclear star cluster around a massive black hole
• Dynamical friction of massive objects in galactic centres
• A semi-analytic dynamical friction model for cored galaxies
• Large scale inhomogeneity and local dynamical friction
• Effects of Intermediate Mass Black Holes on Nuclear Star Clusters
• Using final black hole spins and masses to infer the formation history of the observed population of gravitational wave sources
• Discovery of RR Lyrae Stars in the Nuclear Bulge of the Milky Way
• Space-borne Gravitational Wave Observatories
• $N-$body dynamics of Intermediate mass-ratio inspirals in globular clusters
• Gamma-ray and X-ray emission from the Galactic Centre: hints on the nuclear star cluster formation history
• Disrupted Globular Clusters and the Gamma-Ray Excess in the Galactic Centre
• Classification of Tidal Disruption Events Based on Stellar Orbital Properties
• On the onset of runaway stellar collisions in dense star clusters I. Dynamics of the first collision
• The Distance and the near-IR extinction of the Monoceros Supernova Remnant
• Multi-fluid approach to high-frequency waves in plasmas. III. Nonlinear regime and plasma heating
• Lack of nuclear clusters in dwarf spheroidal galaxies: implications for massive black holes formation and the cusp/core problem
• On the relation between the mass of Compact Massive Objects and their host galaxies
• Probing the formation history of the nuclear star cluster at the Galactic Centre with millisecond pulsars
• The MEGaN project I. Missing formation of massive nuclear clusters and tidal disruption events by star clusters - massive black hole interactions
• The Evolution of Kicked Stellar-Mass Black Holes in Star Cluster Environments
• Ejection of Hyper-Velocity Stars from the Galactic Centre by Intermediate-Mass Black Holes

Cited by in corpus (62)

• Hierarchical black hole mergers in young, globular and nuclear star clusters: the effect of metallicity, spin and cluster properties
• The Missing Link in Gravitational-Wave Astronomy: Discoveries waiting in the decihertz range
• The origin of the first neutron star -- neutron star merger
• The impact of vector resonant relaxation on the evolution of binaries near a massive black hole: implications for gravitational wave sources
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I. Unravelling black hole subsystems in globular clusters
• Intermediate Mass Black Hole Formation in compact Young Massive Star Clusters
• Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters IV: updated stellar-evolutionary and black hole spin models and comparisons with the LIGO-Virgo O1/O2 merger-event data
• Fingerprints of binary black hole formation channels encoded in the mass and spin of merger remnants
• Wet Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals May Be More Common For Spaceborne Gravitational Wave Detection
• The impact of common envelope development criteria on the formation of LIGO/Virgo sources
• The implications of high BH spins on the origin of BH-BH mergers
• Stellar Black Hole Binary Mergers in Open Clusters
• Detecting Supermassive Black Hole-Induced Binary Eccentricity Oscillations with LISA
• Birth, life, and death of black hole binaries around supermassive black holes: dynamical evolution of gravitational wave sources
• Binary radial velocity measurements with space-based gravitational-wave detectors
• Mass and rate of hierarchical black hole mergers in young, globular and nuclear star clusters
• Gravitational Wave Astronomy With TianQin
• Dissecting the properties of neutron star - black hole mergers originating in dense star clusters
• Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters and their role in gravitational-wave generation III: dissecting black hole dynamics
• Order in the chaos: eccentric black hole binary mergers in triples formed via strong binary-binary scatterings
• Merging stellar and intermediate-mass black holes in dense clusters: implications for LIGO, LISA and the next generation of gravitational wave detectors
• The Origin of inequality: isolated formation of a 30+10Msun binary black-hole merger
• Detection of astrophysical gravitational wave sources by TianQin and LISA
• Quiescent and active galactic nuclei as factories of merging compact objects in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy
• The role of supernova convection for the lower mass gap in the isolated binary formation of gravitational wave sources
• Fast and Fourier: Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral Waveforms in the Frequency Domain
• Dynamics of binary black holes in low-mass young star clusters
• Eccentric black hole mergers via three-body interactions in young, globular, and nuclear star clusters
• Double neutron star mergers from hierarchical triple-star systems
• The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: Mission Studies and Science Case
• Formation of super-massive black holes in galactic nuclei I: delivering seed intermediate-mass black holes in massive stellar clusters
• Was GW190412 born from a hierarchical 3+1 quadruple configuration?
• The Keplerian three-body encounter II. Comparisons with isolated encounters and impact on gravitational wave merger timescales
• On the eccentricity evolution of massive black hole binaries in stellar backgrounds
• Dynamics of binary black holes in young star clusters: the impact of cluster mass and long-term evolution
• GW190521 formation via three-body encounters in young massive star clusters
• Gravitational-wave merging events from the dynamics of stellar mass binary black holes around the massive black hole in a galactic nucleus
• First and second-generation black hole and neutron star mergers in 2+2 quadruples: population statistics
• A Case for a Binary Black Hole System Revealed via Quasi-Periodic Outflows
• Massive binary star mergers in galactic nuclei: implications for blue stragglers, binary S-stars and gravitational waves
• Dynamical formation of the GW190814 merger
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I. Intermediate mass black holes in Milky Way globular clusters and their connection to supermassive black holes
• The impact of distant fly-bys on the rate of binary primordial black hole mergers
• Mergers of supermassive and intermediate-mass black holes in galactic nuclei from disruptions of star clusters
• Constraining the cosmic merger history of intermediate-mass black holes with gravitational wave detectors
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in binary-rich star clusters
• Observational signatures of the black hole Mass Distribution in the Galactic Center
• The luminosity function of quasars by the Principle of Maximum Entropy
• Slowly Decaying Ringdown of a Rapidly Spinning Black Hole: Probing the No-Hair Theorem by Small Mass-Ratio Mergers with LISA
• Intermediate mass black holes' effect on compact object binaries
• Resonant Dynamical Friction Around a Super-Massive Black Hole: Analytical Description
• Future merger of the Milky Way with the Andromeda galaxy and the fate of their supermassive black holes
• SPARCS-North Wide-field VLBI Survey: Exploring the resolved MicroJy extra-galactic radio source population with EVN+e-MERLIN
• Detectability of Gravitational Wave from a population of Inspiralling Black Holes in Milky Way Mass Galaxies
• Parameter Distributions of Binary Black Hole Mergers Near Supermassive Black Holes as Seen by Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• ARWV Code User Manual
• Globular Clusters in the Galactic Center Region: expected behavior in the infalling and merger scenario
• Stability of planetary systems within the S-star cluster: the Solar system analogues
• Interaction of Stars Hosting Planets with Sgr A* Black hole
• The Fate of Binary Stars Hosting Planets upon Interaction with Sgr A* Black hole
• Resonant Dynamical Friction in Nuclear Star Clusters: Rapid Alignment of an Intermediate-mass Black Hole with a Stellar Disk