The MEGaN project I. Missing formation of massive nuclear clusters and tidal disruption events by star clusters - massive black hole interactions

Abstract

We investigated the evolution of a massive galactic nucleus hosting a super-massive black hole (SMBH) with mass $M_{\mathrm{SMBH}}=10^8{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ surrounded by a population of 42 heavy star clusters (GCs). Using direct $N$-body modelling, we show here that the assembly of an NSC through GCs orbital decay and merger is efficiently inhibited by the tidal forces exerted from the SMBH. The GCs mass loss induced by tidal forces causes a significant modification of their mass function, leading to a population of low-mass ($<10^4$) clusters. Nonetheless, the GCs debris accumulated around the SMBH give rise to well-defined kinematical and morphological properties, leading to the formation of a disk-like structure. Interestingly, the disk is similar to the one observed in the M31 galaxy nucleus, which has properties similar to our numerical model. The simulation produced a huge amount of data, which we used to investigate whether the GC debris deposited around the SMBH can enhance the rate of tidal disruption events (TDEs) in our galaxy inner density distribution. Our results suggest that the GCs disruption shapes the SMBH neighbourhoods leading to a TDE rate of $\sim 2\times 10^{-4}$yr${}^{-1}$, a value slightly larger than what expected in previous theoretical modelling of galaxies with similar density profiles and central SMBHs. The simulation presented here is the first of its kind, representing a massive galactic nucleus and its star cluster population on scales $\sim 100$ pc.

15 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• Black hole - black hole total merger mass and the origin of LIGO/Virgo sources
• Probing the formation history of the nuclear star cluster at the Galactic Centre with millisecond pulsars
• Star formation at the Galactic Centre: coevolution of multiple young stellar discs
• A population of compact radio variables and transients in the radio bright zone at the Galactic center observed with the Jansky Very Large Array
• PHANGS-JWST First Results: A combined HST and JWST analysis of the nuclear star cluster in NGC 628
• Are we observing a NSC in course of formation in the NGC 4654 galaxy?
• The Milky Way like galaxy NGC 6384 and its nuclear star cluster at high NIR spatial resolution using LBT/ARGOS commissioning data
• Tidal disruption of stellar clusters and their remnants' spatial distribution near the galactic center
• Globular Clusters in the Galactic Center Region: expected behavior in the infalling and merger scenario
• The Fate of Binary Stars Hosting Planets upon Interaction with Sgr A* Black hole