An expanded M_bh-sigma diagram, and a new calibration of active galactic nuclei masses

Abstract

[Abridged] We present an updated and improved M_bh-sigma diagram containing 64 galaxies for which M_bh measurements (not just upper limits) are available. Due to new and increased black hole masses at the high-mass end, and a better representation of barred galaxies at the low-mass end, the "classical" (all morphological type) M_bh-sigma relation for predicting black hole masses is log(M_bh/M_Sun) = (5.13+/-0.34)log[sigma/200] + (8.13+/-0.05), with an rms scatter of 0.43 dex. Modifying the regression analysis to correct for a hitherto over-looked sample bias in which black holes with masses <10^6 M_Sun are not (yet) detectable, the relation steepens further to give log(M_bh/M_Sun) = (5.95+/-0.44)log[sigma/200] + (8.15+/-0.06). We have also updated the "barless" and "elliptical-only" M_bh-sigma relations introduced by Graham and Hu in 2008 due to the offset nature of barred/disc galaxies. These relations have a total scatter as low as 0.34 dex and currently define the upper envelope of points in the M_bh-sigma diagram. These relations also have a slope consistent with the value 5, in agreement with the prediction by Silk & Rees based on feedback from massive black holes in bulges built by monolithic-collapse. Using updated virial products and velocity dispersions from 28 active galactic nuclei, we determine that the optimal scaling factor f - which brings their virial products in line with the 64 directly measured black hole masses - is 2.8^{+0.7}_{-0.5}. This is roughly half the value reported by Onken et al. and Woo et al., and consequently halves the mass estimates of most high-redshift quasars. We have explored the results after separating the samples into barred and non-barred galaxies, and we have also developed a preliminary corrective term to the velocity dispersion based on bar dynamics.

17 pages. MNRAS, in press

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• How non-linear scaling relations unify dwarf and giant elliptical galaxies
• Dark halo microphysics and massive black hole scaling relations in galaxies
• The low-mass end of the Mbh/Mhost relation in quasars
• Linking the Supermassive Black Hole Growth with the Megamaser Emission
• Broadband Photometric Reverberation Mapping Analysis on SDSS-RM and Stripe 82 Quasars
• Testing Einstein's Equivalence Principle and its Cosmological Evolution from Quasar Gravitational Redshifts
• Supermassive Black Holes and Nuclear Star Clusters: Connection with the Host Galaxy Kinematics and Color
• Dust and star formation in the centre of NGC 3311
• The BRAVE Program - I: Improved Bulge Stellar Velocity Dispersion Estimates for a Sample of Active Galaxies
• Effects of supermassive binary black holes on gravitational lenses
• On the Structure of the AGN Torus through the Fraction of Optically-Selected Type 1 AGNs
• A toy model for X-ray spectral variability of active galactic nuclei
• Spectropolarimetric measurements of hidden broad lines in nearby megamaser galaxies: a lack of clear evidence for a correlation between black hole masses and virial products
• The influence of mergers and ram-pressure stripping on black hole-bulge correlations
• The XXL Survey. XLI. Radio AGN luminosity functions based on the GMRT $610\mathrm{MHz}$ continuum observations
• 2D stellar population and gas kinematics of the inner 1.5 kpc of the post-starburst quasar SDSS J0210-0903
• Black-hole masses of type 1 AGN in the XMM-Newton bright serendipitous survey
• The galactic spin of AGN galaxies
• AGN Reverberation Mapping
• Causal Discovery in Astrophysics: Unraveling Supermassive Black Hole and Galaxy Coevolution
• The Great Slump: Mrk926 reveals discrete and varying Balmer line satellite components during a drastic phase of decline
• The Performance of Photometric Reverberation Mapping at High Redshift and the Reliability of Damped Random Walk Models
• Stellar and Black Hole Mass Densities as Empirical Tracers of Co-evolution Show Lock-step Growth since $z\sim 3$
• Nuclear Star Clusters and Bulges
• Intermediate Mass Black Holes: A brief review
• Early Growing Supermassive Black Holes Strengthen Bars and Boxy/Peanut Bulges
• Quasar Host Galaxies and the $M_{SMBH}$ - ${\sigma }_{\ast }$ Relation
• Spectral Energy Distribution Variations of Nearby Seyfert Galaxies During AGN Watch Monitoring Programs
• IC 630: Piercing the Veil of the Nuclear Gas
• Kinematics and Structure of Clumps in Broad-line Regions in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Probing the rapid formation of black holes and their galaxy hosts in QSOs
• A study of the scaling relation $M_{\bullet }\propto R_e{\sigma }^3$ for supermassive black holes and an update of the corresponding theoretical model
• Gravitational and distributed heating effects of a cD galaxy on the hydrodynamical structure of its host cluster
• A STIS Atlas of CaII Triplet Absorption Line Kinematics in Galactic Nuclei
• Shaping the relation between the mass of supermassive black holes and the velocity dispersion of galactic bulges
• Discovery of an Intermediate Mass Black Hole at the center of the starburst/Seyfert composite galaxy IRAS 01072+4954
• Scaling Relations Between Low-mass Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• Emission-Line and Continuum Reverberation Mapping of the NLS1 Galaxy WPVS 48
• Variability Selected Active Galactic Nuclei from ASAS-SN Survey: Constraining the Low Luminosity AGN Population
• A new model of quasar mass evolution
• Quiescent Host Galaxies of Extended Quasars Revealed by Spectrophotometric Decomposition
• BASS XXX: Distribution Functions of DR2 Eddington-ratios, Black Hole Masses, and X-ray Luminosities