Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Calibration of the M-sigma Relationship for AGNs

Abstract

We calibrate reverberation-based black hole masses in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by using the correlation between black hole mass, M, and bulge/spheroid stellar velocity dispersion, sigma. We use new measurements of sigma for 6 AGNs and published velocity dispersions for 10 others, in conjunction with improved reverberation mapping results, to determine the scaling factor required to bring reverberation-based black hole masses into agreement with the quiescent galaxy M-sigma relationship. The scatter in the AGN black hole masses is found to be less than a factor of 3. The current observational uncertainties preclude use of the scaling factor to discriminate between broad-line region models.

arXiv comment16 pages, including 3 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

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• The host galaxy of a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy RE J1034+396 with X-ray quasi-periodic oscillations
• Black hole mass measurement using ALMA observations of [CI] and CO emissions in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC7469
• SDSS J1130+0058 an X-shaped Radio Source With Double-Peaked Low-Ionization Emission Lines: A binary Black Hole System?
• Broad-line region structure and line profile variations in the changing look AGN HE1136-2304
• Expected intermediate mass black holes in the Virgo cluster. II. Late-type galaxies
• Broad-line Region of the Quasar PG 2130+099 from a Two-Year Reverberation Mapping Campaign with High Cadence
• A multi-epoch spectroscopic study of the BAL quasar APM 08279+5255 II. Emission- and absorption-line variability time lags
• The cosmic evolution of massive black holes and galaxy spheroids: global constraints at redshift z<~1.2
• Post-Starburst Quasars: Bridging the Gap Between Post-Starburst Galaxies and Quasars
• Reverberation Mapping of IC4329A
• A Chandra Survey of Supermassive Black Holes with Dynamical Mass Measurements
• First long-term optical spectro-photometric monitoring of a binary black hole candidate E1821+643: I. Variability of spectral lines and continuum
• Is there a black hole in NGC 4382?
• Calibrating stellar velocity dispersions based on spatially-resolved h-band spectra for improving the m-sigma relation
• Ultraviolet Emission-Line Correlations in Hubble/COS Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei: Single-Epoch Black Hole Masses
• Constraining the quasar population with the broad-line width distribution
• Black-hole mass estimates for a homogeneous sample of bright flat-spectrum radio quasars
• A new method to measure the virial factors in the reverberation mapping of AGNs
• First Stellar Velocity Dispersion Measurement of a Luminous Quasar Host with Gemini North Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics
• Quasars and their emission lines as cosmological probes
• Probing the M-sigma Relation in the Non-Local Universe Using Red QSOs
• Stronger Constraints on the Evolution of the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-{\sigma }_{\ast }$ Relation up to $z\sim 0.6$
• Do Reverberation Mapping Analyses Provide an Accurate Picture of the Broad Line Region?
• Simultaneous H alpha and dust reverberation mapping of 3C120: Testing the bowl-shaped torus geometry
• Outflow in Overlooked Luminous Quasar: Subaru Observations of AKARI J1757+5907
• Does the intermediate mass black hole in LEDA 87300 (RGG 118) follow the near-quadratic (M_bh)-(M_spheroid) relation?
• Calibrating Mg II-based black-hole mass estimators using Low-to-High-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Blackhole-Dark Matter Halo Connection
• Optical continuum photometric reverberation mapping of the Seyfert-1 galaxy Mrk509
• Robotic Reverberation Mapping of the Southern Seyfert NGC 3783
• The Host Galaxy of the Quasar HE 0450-2958
• Modelling photometric reverberation data -- a disk-like broad-line region and a potentially larger black hole mass for 3C120
• The reverberation signatures of rotating disc winds in active galactic nuclei
• Modelling the AGN broad line region using single-epoch spectra II. Nearby AGN
• The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151 from Stellar Dynamical Modeling
• NGC 7469 as seen by MEGARA: new results from high-resolution IFU spectroscopy
• Modeling photometric reverberation mapping data for the next generation of big data surveys. Quasar accretion disks sizes with the LSST
• Variability of Moderate Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei at z=0.36
• Detection of faint broad emission lines in type 2 AGN: III. On the $M_{BH}-{\sigma }_{\star }$ relation of type 2 AGN
• Finding Quasars behind the Galactic Plane. II. Spectroscopic Identifications of 204 Quasars at $|b|<20°$
• A new method to obtain the Broad Line Region size of high redshift quasars
• The UV--mid-IR Spectral Energy Distribution of a z=1.7 Quasar Host Galaxy
• On the Virialization of Disk Winds: Implications for the Black Hole Mass Estimates in AGN
• Evidence for a Young Stellar Population in Nearby Type 1 Active Galaxies
• Black Hole Mass Estimation: How good is the virial estimate?
• A falling Corona model for the anomalous behavior of the broad emission lines in NGC 5548
• The Cosmological History of Accretion onto Dark Halos and Supermassive Black Holes
• Faint COSMOS AGN at z~3.3 - I. Black Hole Properties and Constraints on Early Black Hole Growth
• Spectral optical monitoring of a double-peaked emission line AGN Arp 102B: I. Variability of spectral lines and continuum
• Discovery of a strong Baldwin effect in mid-infrared AGN lines
• The transient event in NGC 1566 from 2017 to 2019 -- I. An eccentric accretion disk and a turbulent, disk-dominated broad-line region unveiled by double-peaked Ca II and O I lines
• Mid-infrared Variability of Low-redshift Active Galactic Nuclei : Constraints on a Hot Dust Component with a Variable Covering Factor
• Long-term monitoring of the broad-line region properties in a selected sample of AGN
• Revisiting the Black Hole Masses of Soft X-ray-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei
• Systematically smaller single-epoch quasar black hole masses using a radius-luminosity relationship corrected for spectral bias
• Measurement of The Broad Line Region Size in a Luminous MACHO Quasar
• Improving the Flux Calibration in Reverberation Mapping by Spectral Fitting: Application to the Seyfert Galaxy MCG--6-30-15
• A note on black hole masses estimated by the second moment in Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Microlensing Evidence for Super-Eddington Disc Accretion in Quasars
• Black Hole - Bulge Relationship of Post-Starburst Quasars at z \sim 0.3
• Lecture notes on black hole binary astrophysics
• Do quasar broad-line velocity widths add any information to virial black hole mass estimates?
• A Polarimetric Method for Measuring Black Hole Masses in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Long-term optical spectral monitoring of NGC 7469
• Magnetohydrodynamic stability of broad line region clouds
• Long-term X-ray stability and UV variability of the ionized absorption in NGC 3783
• 3C390.3: More Stable Evidence for Origination of Double-Peaked Broad Balmer Lines from Accretion Disk Near Central Black Hole
• AGN STORM 2: II. Ultraviolet Observations of Mrk817 with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope
• JWST ERS Program Q3D: The pitfalls of virial BH mass constraints shown in a z = 3 quasar with an ultramassive host
• Highly Ionized Collimated Outflow from HE 0238 - 1904
• Single-Epoch Black Hole Mass Estimators For Broad-Line Active Galactic Nuclei: Recalibrating Hbeta with A New Approach
• Invoking the virial theorem to understand the impact of (dry) mergers on the $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$\sigma$ relation
• The supermassive black hole masses of reverberation-mapped active galactic nuclei
• Active Galactic Nuclei with Double-Peaked Balmer Lines: I. Black Hole Masses and the Eddington ratios
• Measuring black hole mass of type I active galactic nuclei by spectropolarimetry
• Robotic Reverberation Mapping of Arp 151
• CO line width and the black hole -- bulge relationship at high redshift
• The rest-frame UV-to-optical spectroscopy of APM 08279+5255 - BAL classification and black hole mass estimates
• Estimating Masses of Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei from the Halpha Emission Line
• The optical emission line spectrum of Mark 110
• Misclassified type 1 AGNs in the local universe
• Estimators of Bolometric Luminosity and Black Hole Mass with Mid-infrared Continuum Luminosities for Dust-obscured Quasars: Prevalence of Dust-obscured SDSS Quasars
• Galactic Winds across the Gas-Rich Merger Sequence: I. Highly Ionized N V and O VI Outflows in the QUEST Quasars
• In Search of the Largest Velocity Dispersion Galaxies
• Strong Response of the very broad h$\beta$ Emission Line in Luminous Radio-Quite Quasar pg1416-129
• The size of BLRs of low luminous Active Galactic Nuclei
• The HST view of the innermost narrow line region
• The Black Hole Mass - Galaxy Luminosity Relationship for Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasars
• What Does the Virial Coefficient of the \Hb Broad-Line Region Depend On?
• Reverberation Mapping of PG 0934+013 with the Southern African Large Telescope
• On the Performance of Quasar Reverberation Mapping in the Era of Time-Domain Photometric Surveys
• Estimation of the size and structure of the broad line region using Bayesian approach
• Black hole masses of weak emission line quasars based on continuum fit method
• Spectral variability of the 3C 390.3 nucleus for more than twenty years. I. Variability of the broad and narrow emission-line fluxes
• CIV emission line properties and uncertainties in black hole mass estimates of z ~ 3.5 quasars
• A correlation between the stellar and [Fe II] velocity dispersions in Active Galaxies
• The Correlation Between Spectral Index And Accretion Rate For AGN
• MALS SALT-NOT survey of MIR-selected powerful radio-bright AGN at 0<z<3.5
• Long-term optical photometric monitoring of the quasar SDSS J153259.96-003944.1
• The relativistic jet of the $\gamma$-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS J1222$+$0413
• A catalog of optical to X-ray spectral energy distributions of z~2 quasars observed with Swift. I: First results
• Robotic reverberation mapping of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 120
• Getting More Out of Black Hole Superradiance: a Statistically Rigorous Approach to Ultralight Boson Constraints from Black Hole Spin Measurements
• Hidden Broad-line Regions in Seyfert 2 Galaxies: from the spectropolarimetric perspective
• The H$\alpha$ broadband photometric reverberation mapping of four Seyfert 1 galaxies
• Estimating black hole masses: Accretion disk fitting versus reverberation mapping and single epoch
• B2 0954+25A: a typical Fermi blazar or a gamma-loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1
• Central X-ray point-sources found to be abundant in low-mass, late-type galaxies predicted to contain an intermediate-mass black hole
• GALEX Measurements of the Big Blue Bump in Soft X-ray Selected AGN
• A Generative Model for Quasar Spectra
• The sizes of BLRs and BH masses of double-peaked broad low-ionization emission line objects
• Refining the mass estimate for the intermediate-mass black hole candidate in NGC 3319
• Individual Estimates of the Virial Factor in 10 Quasars: Implications on the Kinematics of the Broad Line Region
• Correlation between Line Width and Line Flux of Double-Peaked Broad Halpha of 3C390.3
• Active Galaxies and the Study of Black Hole Demographics
• Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph - Distant Quasar Survey: Prescriptions for Calibrating UV-Based Estimates of Supermassive Black Hole Masses in High-Redshift Quasars
• Discovery of a spatially and kinematically resolved 55~kpc-scale superbubble inflated by an intermediate redshift non-BAL quasar
• Toward Precision Measurement of Central Black Hole Masses
• Spectroscopy and polarimetry of the gravitationally lensed quasar Q0957+561
• M94 As A Unique Testbed for Black Hole Mass Estimates and AGN Activity At Low Luminosities
• Properties of radio-loud quasars in Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The Size, Structure and Ionization of the Broad Line Region in NGC 3227
• Highly ionized disc and transient outflows in the Seyfert galaxy IRAS 18325-5926
• The radio luminosity, black hole mass and Eddington ratio for quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The BRAVE Program - I: Improved Bulge Stellar Velocity Dispersion Estimates for a Sample of Active Galaxies
• A Closer Look at Two of the Most Luminous Quasars in the Universe
• More Evidence for the Intermediate Broad Line Region of the Mapped AGN PG 0052+251
• The Mass Distribution of Quasars in Optical Time-domain Surveys
• A Gaussian process cross-correlation approach to time delay estimation in active galactic nuclei
• Measuring the Virial Factor in SDSS DR5 Quasars with Redshifted H$\beta$ and Fe ii Broad Emission Lines
• Time lag in transient cosmic accreting sources
• The Broad Line Region in NGC 4051: An Inflow Illuminated by a 10^5 K Accretion Disk
• Mass of the black hole in the Seyfert 1.5 galaxy H 0507+164 from reverberation mapping
• On the Structure of the AGN Torus through the Fraction of Optically-Selected Type 1 AGNs
• The ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{H}\beta }$-based dimensionless accretion rate and its connection with the corona for AGN
• Black-hole masses of type 1 AGN in the XMM-Newton bright serendipitous survey
• Spectropolarimetric measurements of hidden broad lines in nearby megamaser galaxies: a lack of clear evidence for a correlation between black hole masses and virial products
• Radio Dichotomy in Quasars with H$\beta$ FWHM greater than $15,000$ km\,s${}^{-1}$
• AGN Reverberation Mapping
• A possible bias on the estimate of Lbol/Ledd in AGN as a function of luminosity and redshift
• Medium Resolution Near-Infrared Spectra of the Host Galaxies of Nearby Quasars
• The Great Slump: Mrk926 reveals discrete and varying Balmer line satellite components during a drastic phase of decline
• The Performance of Photometric Reverberation Mapping at High Redshift and the Reliability of Damped Random Walk Models
• Measuring the Virial Factor in SDSS DR7 AGNs with Redshifted H$\beta$ and H$\alpha$ Broad Emission Lines
• Searching for Low-Redshift Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies
• Spectral Energy Distribution Variations of Nearby Seyfert Galaxies During AGN Watch Monitoring Programs
• Quasars' Optical Polarization and Balmer Edge Feature Revealed by Ultra-Violet, and Polarized Visible to Near Infrared Emissions
• Intermediate Mass Black Holes: A brief review
• Quasar Host Galaxies and the $M_{SMBH}$ - ${\sigma }_{\ast }$ Relation
• Quasars and their host galaxies
• Inferences on relations between distant supermassive black holes and their hosts complemented by the galaxy fundamental plane
• H$\beta$ line shape and radius-luminosity relation in 2.5D FRADO
• Hydrogen Balmer Emission Lines and the Complex Broad Line Region Structure
• Kinematics and Structure of Clumps in Broad-line Regions in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Polarization in broad emission lines of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Leaked Lya emission: an indicator of the size of quasar absorption outflows
• partly obscured accretion disk model to explain Shifted broad Balmer emission lines of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Long Term Reverberation Mapping of Iron Coronal Lines in MKN 110
• Modeling the Reverberation Response of the Broad Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei II: Incorporating Photoionization Models
• The properties of optical FeII emission lines of AGN with double-peaked broad emission lines
• A STIS Atlas of CaII Triplet Absorption Line Kinematics in Galactic Nuclei
• Quasar Main Sequence unfolded by 2.5D FRADO (Natural expression of Eddington ratio, black hole mass, and inclination)
• First Detection of 12CO (1--0) Emission from Two Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• The optical emission lines of type 1 X-ray bright Active Galactic Nuclei
• Constraining Recoiling Velocities of Black Holes Ejected by Gravitational Radiation in Galaxy Mergers
• Simulations of Torus Reverberation Mapping Experiments with SPHEREx
• Emission-Line and Continuum Reverberation Mapping of the NLS1 Galaxy WPVS 48
• Physical parameters and classification of eight galactic nuclei from the Second Byurakan Survey
• Precision near-IR spectroscopy for understanding AGN physics and shed light on the H0 tension -- SHARP Science Book
• BASS XXX: Distribution Functions of DR2 Eddington-ratios, Black Hole Masses, and X-ray Luminosities
• The first supermassive black hole mass measurement in active galactic nuclei using the polarization of broad emission line Mg II
• A Detailed View of the Broad Line Region in NGC 3783 from Velocity-Resolved Reverberation Mapping
• Uncertainties of the masses of black holes and Eddington ratios in AGN